Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios

Coastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the future. At the same time, we are facing rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, which are increasing the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and acidity of coastal waters. These two drivers...

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Main Authors: A. Fontanini, A. Steckbauer, S. Dupont, C. M. Duarte
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2018-06-01
Series:Biogeosciences
Online Access:https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/3717/2018/bg-15-3717-2018.pdf
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spelling doaj-4bb9b85da6cc45328624624e8425cdd02020-11-24T23:46:20ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892018-06-01153717372910.5194/bg-15-3717-2018Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenariosA. Fontanini0A. Steckbauer1A. Steckbauer2S. Dupont3C. M. Duarte4C. M. Duarte5Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley 6102 WA, AustraliaGlobal Change Research Department, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, SpainRed Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure – Kristineberg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, SwedenGlobal Change Research Department, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, SpainRed Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCoastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the future. At the same time, we are facing rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, which are increasing the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and acidity of coastal waters. These two drivers are well studied in isolation; however, the coupling of low O<sub>2</sub> and pH is likely to provide a more significant respiratory challenge for slow moving and sessile invertebrates than is currently predicted. The Gullmar Fjord in Sweden is home to a range of habitats, such as sand and mud flats, seagrass beds, exposed and protected shorelines and rocky bottoms. Moreover, it has a history of both natural and anthropogenically enhanced hypoxia as well as North Sea upwelling, where salty water reaches the surface towards the end of summer and early autumn. A total of 11 species (Crustacean, Chordate, Echinoderm and Mollusc) of these ecosystems were exposed to four different treatments (high or low oxygen and low or high CO<sub>2</sub>; varying <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> of 450 and 1300 µatm and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 2–3.5 and 9–10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and respiration measured after 3 and 6 days, respectively. This allowed us to evaluate respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats to single and multiple stressors. Results show that respiratory responses were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiratory responses. Management plans should avoid the generalized assumption that combined stressors will result in multiplicative effects and focus attention on alleviating hypoxia in the region.https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/3717/2018/bg-15-3717-2018.pdf
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author A. Fontanini
A. Steckbauer
A. Steckbauer
S. Dupont
C. M. Duarte
C. M. Duarte
spellingShingle A. Fontanini
A. Steckbauer
A. Steckbauer
S. Dupont
C. M. Duarte
C. M. Duarte
Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
Biogeosciences
author_facet A. Fontanini
A. Steckbauer
A. Steckbauer
S. Dupont
C. M. Duarte
C. M. Duarte
author_sort A. Fontanini
title Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
title_short Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
title_full Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
title_fullStr Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
title_full_unstemmed Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios
title_sort variable metabolic responses of skagerrak invertebrates to low o<sub>2</sub> and high co<sub>2</sub> scenarios
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Biogeosciences
issn 1726-4170
1726-4189
publishDate 2018-06-01
description Coastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the future. At the same time, we are facing rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, which are increasing the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and acidity of coastal waters. These two drivers are well studied in isolation; however, the coupling of low O<sub>2</sub> and pH is likely to provide a more significant respiratory challenge for slow moving and sessile invertebrates than is currently predicted. The Gullmar Fjord in Sweden is home to a range of habitats, such as sand and mud flats, seagrass beds, exposed and protected shorelines and rocky bottoms. Moreover, it has a history of both natural and anthropogenically enhanced hypoxia as well as North Sea upwelling, where salty water reaches the surface towards the end of summer and early autumn. A total of 11 species (Crustacean, Chordate, Echinoderm and Mollusc) of these ecosystems were exposed to four different treatments (high or low oxygen and low or high CO<sub>2</sub>; varying <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> of 450 and 1300 µatm and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 2–3.5 and 9–10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and respiration measured after 3 and 6 days, respectively. This allowed us to evaluate respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats to single and multiple stressors. Results show that respiratory responses were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiratory responses. Management plans should avoid the generalized assumption that combined stressors will result in multiplicative effects and focus attention on alleviating hypoxia in the region.
url https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/3717/2018/bg-15-3717-2018.pdf
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