Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse among Gym Users, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

• Main Authors: Walied Albaker, Ali Alkhars, Yasir Elamin, Noor Jatoi, Dhuha Boumarah, Mohammed Al-Hariri
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
• Series: Medicina
• Subjects: anabolic steroids; gym members; male; gym; abuse
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/7/703
• ISSN: 1010-660X; 1648-9144

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The main aim of the present study was to assess the use of androgenic–anabolic steroids (AAS) and to investigate its potentially unfavorable effects among gym members attending gym fitness facilities in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out during the summer of 2017. Male gym users in the Eastern Province region of Saudi Arabia were the respondents. Information on socio-demographics, use of AAS, knowledge, and awareness about its side effects were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. <i>Results:</i> The prevalence of AAS consumption among trainees in Eastern Province was 21.3%. The percentage was highest among those 26–30 years of age (31.9%), followed by the 21–25 (27.4%) (<i>p</i> = 0.003) age group. Participants in the study were not aware of the potential adverse effects of AAS use. Adverse effects experienced by 77% of AAS users include psychiatric problems (47%), acne (32.7%), hair loss (14.2%), and sexual dysfunction (10.7%). Moreover, it appears that trainers and friends are major sources (75.20%) for obtaining AAS. <i>Conclusion:</i> AAS abuse is a real problem among gym members, along with a lack of knowledge regarding its adverse effects. Health education and awareness programs are needed not only for trainees, but also for trainers and gym owners as they are reportedly some of the primary sources of AAS.