Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alveolar macrophages are a key cell in dealing with particles deposited in the lungs and in determining the subsequent response to that particle exposure. Nanoparticles are considered a potential threat to the lungs and the mechanism...

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Main Authors: Donaldson Ken, Clouter-Baker Anna, Barlow Peter G, MacCallum Janis, Stone Vicki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2005-12-01
Series:Particle and Fibre Toxicology
Online Access:http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/2/1/11
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spelling doaj-4b8a3025a9194caca647b4b7f0b1b0f32020-11-25T01:03:12ZengBMCParticle and Fibre Toxicology1743-89772005-12-01211110.1186/1743-8977-2-11Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophagesDonaldson KenClouter-Baker AnnaBarlow Peter GMacCallum JanisStone Vicki<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alveolar macrophages are a key cell in dealing with particles deposited in the lungs and in determining the subsequent response to that particle exposure. Nanoparticles are considered a potential threat to the lungs and the mechanism of pulmonary response to nanoparticles is currently under intense scrutiny. The type II alveolar epithelial cell has previously been shown to release chemoattractants which can recruit alveolar macrophages to sites of particle deposition. The aim of this study was to assess the responses of a type II epithelial cell line (L-2) to both fine and nanoparticle exposure in terms of secretion of chemotactic substances capable of inducing macrophage migration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exposure of type II cells to carbon black nanoparticles resulted in significant release of macrophage chemoattractant compared to the negative control and to other dusts tested (fine carbon black and TiO<sub>2 </sub>and nanoparticle TiO<sub>2</sub>) as measured by macrophage migration towards type II cell conditioned medium. SDS-PAGE analysis of the conditioned medium from particle treated type II cells revealed that a higher number of protein bands were present in the conditioned medium obtained from type II cells treated with nanoparticle carbon black compared to other dusts tested. Size-fractionation of the chemotaxin-rich supernatant determined that the chemoattractants released from the epithelial cells were between 5 and 30 kDa in size.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The highly toxic nature and reactive surface chemistry of the carbon black nanoparticles has very likely induced the type II cell line to release pro-inflammatory mediators that can potentially induce migration of macrophages. This could aid in the rapid recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of particle deposition and the subsequent removal of the particles by phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Future studies in this area could focus on the exact identity of the substance(s) released by the type II cells in response to particle exposure.</p> http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/2/1/11
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Donaldson Ken
Clouter-Baker Anna
Barlow Peter G
MacCallum Janis
Stone Vicki
spellingShingle Donaldson Ken
Clouter-Baker Anna
Barlow Peter G
MacCallum Janis
Stone Vicki
Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
Particle and Fibre Toxicology
author_facet Donaldson Ken
Clouter-Baker Anna
Barlow Peter G
MacCallum Janis
Stone Vicki
author_sort Donaldson Ken
title Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
title_short Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
title_full Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
title_fullStr Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
title_sort carbon black nanoparticles induce type ii epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages
publisher BMC
series Particle and Fibre Toxicology
issn 1743-8977
publishDate 2005-12-01
description <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alveolar macrophages are a key cell in dealing with particles deposited in the lungs and in determining the subsequent response to that particle exposure. Nanoparticles are considered a potential threat to the lungs and the mechanism of pulmonary response to nanoparticles is currently under intense scrutiny. The type II alveolar epithelial cell has previously been shown to release chemoattractants which can recruit alveolar macrophages to sites of particle deposition. The aim of this study was to assess the responses of a type II epithelial cell line (L-2) to both fine and nanoparticle exposure in terms of secretion of chemotactic substances capable of inducing macrophage migration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exposure of type II cells to carbon black nanoparticles resulted in significant release of macrophage chemoattractant compared to the negative control and to other dusts tested (fine carbon black and TiO<sub>2 </sub>and nanoparticle TiO<sub>2</sub>) as measured by macrophage migration towards type II cell conditioned medium. SDS-PAGE analysis of the conditioned medium from particle treated type II cells revealed that a higher number of protein bands were present in the conditioned medium obtained from type II cells treated with nanoparticle carbon black compared to other dusts tested. Size-fractionation of the chemotaxin-rich supernatant determined that the chemoattractants released from the epithelial cells were between 5 and 30 kDa in size.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The highly toxic nature and reactive surface chemistry of the carbon black nanoparticles has very likely induced the type II cell line to release pro-inflammatory mediators that can potentially induce migration of macrophages. This could aid in the rapid recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of particle deposition and the subsequent removal of the particles by phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Future studies in this area could focus on the exact identity of the substance(s) released by the type II cells in response to particle exposure.</p>
url http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/2/1/11
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