Susceptible conditions for debarking by deer in subalpine coniferous forests in central Japan
Background: Recently, deer have expanded their distribution to higher altitude ranges including subalpine forests. However, culling deer and construction of deer fence in subalpine forests are difficult because of steep slopes and complex topography. Thus it is necessary to clarify the factors whi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Forest Ecosystems |
| Online Access: | http://forestecosyst.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40663-015-0059-y |