Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Self-reported health perceptions such as physical distress and quality of life are suggested independent predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with established cardiovascular disease. This study examined the associations...

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Main Authors: Klemsdal Tor O, Ekeberg Øivind, Einvik Gunnar, Sandvik Leiv, Hjerkinn Elsa M
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2009-03-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Online Access:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/9/14
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spelling doaj-4b2577771dc642829f0802a5ed4b44b32020-11-25T03:13:34ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612009-03-01911410.1186/1471-2261-9-14Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly menKlemsdal Tor OEkeberg ØivindEinvik GunnarSandvik LeivHjerkinn Elsa M<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Self-reported health perceptions such as physical distress and quality of life are suggested independent predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with established cardiovascular disease. This study examined the associations between these factors and three years incidence of cardiovascular events in a population of elderly men with long term hyperlipidemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied observational data in a cohort of 433 men aged 64–76 years from a prospective, 2 × 2 factorial designed, three-year interventional trial. Information of classical risk factors was obtained and the following questionnaires were administered at baseline: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Physical Symptom Distress Index and Life Satisfaction Index. The occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular incidences and peripheral arterial disease were registered throughout the study period. Continuous data with skewed distribution was split into tertiles. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated from Cox regression analyses to assess the associations between physical distress, quality of life and cardiovascular events.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After three years, 49 cardiovascular events were registered, with similar incidence among subjects with and without established cardiovascular disease. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, HADS-anxiety and treatment-intervention, physical distress was positively associated (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2 – 7.9 for 3<sup>rd </sup>versus 1<sup>st </sup>tertile) and quality of life negatively associated (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–5.8 for 3<sup>rd </sup>versus 1<sup>st </sup>tertile) with cardiovascular events. The association remained statistically significant only for physical distress (hazard ratio 2.8 95% CI 1.2 – 6.8, p < 0.05) when both variables were evaluated in the same model.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Physical distress, but not quality of life, was independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in an observational study of elderly men predominantly without established cardiovascular disease.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Trial registration: NCT00764010</p> http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/9/14
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Klemsdal Tor O
Ekeberg Øivind
Einvik Gunnar
Sandvik Leiv
Hjerkinn Elsa M
spellingShingle Klemsdal Tor O
Ekeberg Øivind
Einvik Gunnar
Sandvik Leiv
Hjerkinn Elsa M
Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
author_facet Klemsdal Tor O
Ekeberg Øivind
Einvik Gunnar
Sandvik Leiv
Hjerkinn Elsa M
author_sort Klemsdal Tor O
title Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
title_short Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
title_full Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
title_fullStr Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
title_full_unstemmed Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
title_sort physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men
publisher BMC
series BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
issn 1471-2261
publishDate 2009-03-01
description <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Self-reported health perceptions such as physical distress and quality of life are suggested independent predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with established cardiovascular disease. This study examined the associations between these factors and three years incidence of cardiovascular events in a population of elderly men with long term hyperlipidemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied observational data in a cohort of 433 men aged 64–76 years from a prospective, 2 × 2 factorial designed, three-year interventional trial. Information of classical risk factors was obtained and the following questionnaires were administered at baseline: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Physical Symptom Distress Index and Life Satisfaction Index. The occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular incidences and peripheral arterial disease were registered throughout the study period. Continuous data with skewed distribution was split into tertiles. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated from Cox regression analyses to assess the associations between physical distress, quality of life and cardiovascular events.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After three years, 49 cardiovascular events were registered, with similar incidence among subjects with and without established cardiovascular disease. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, HADS-anxiety and treatment-intervention, physical distress was positively associated (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2 – 7.9 for 3<sup>rd </sup>versus 1<sup>st </sup>tertile) and quality of life negatively associated (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–5.8 for 3<sup>rd </sup>versus 1<sup>st </sup>tertile) with cardiovascular events. The association remained statistically significant only for physical distress (hazard ratio 2.8 95% CI 1.2 – 6.8, p < 0.05) when both variables were evaluated in the same model.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Physical distress, but not quality of life, was independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in an observational study of elderly men predominantly without established cardiovascular disease.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Trial registration: NCT00764010</p>
url http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/9/14
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