Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor
The results of a photocatalytic process performed in a new type of inclined, three-phase fluidised bed reactor with a periodic photocatalyst film are presented. These phases were fly ash cenospheres coated with TiO<sub>2</sub>, an aqueous solution of methylene blue and an air stream pass...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1691 |
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doaj-4ad55a3da47f437b8e758e15ae45ac0f2020-11-25T03:37:14ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-04-01131691169110.3390/ma13071691Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic ReactorWitold Żukowski0Przemysław Migas1Dariusz Bradło2Piotr Dulian3Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandThe results of a photocatalytic process performed in a new type of inclined, three-phase fluidised bed reactor with a periodic photocatalyst film are presented. These phases were fly ash cenospheres coated with TiO<sub>2</sub>, an aqueous solution of methylene blue and an air stream passing from the bottom of the photoreactor. The cenospheres have a density lower than water and could thus form a catalytic film on a top irradiated window. The formed surface film is stable but is easy to break and be reproduced in a cyclic air-sparged process. Mixing was performed in either a cyclic or a continuous manner. From an operational point of view, the best variant of mixing was a 10 s air-sparge/10 s break with a 50% duty cycle, because it provided the same discolouration efficiency and reduced energy demand by 50% in comparison with the continuous mixing. Due to film formation, the proposed catalytic reactor enables a substantial reduction in the energy required for mixing while maintaining the desired degree of discolouration.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1691catalytic filmtitanium dioxidecenospheresphotocatalytic reaction |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Witold Żukowski Przemysław Migas Dariusz Bradło Piotr Dulian |
| spellingShingle |
Witold Żukowski Przemysław Migas Dariusz Bradło Piotr Dulian Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor Materials catalytic film titanium dioxide cenospheres photocatalytic reaction |
| author_facet |
Witold Żukowski Przemysław Migas Dariusz Bradło Piotr Dulian |
| author_sort |
Witold Żukowski |
| title |
Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor |
| title_short |
Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor |
| title_full |
Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor |
| title_fullStr |
Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis and Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor |
| title_sort |
synthesis and performance of tio<sub>2</sub>/fly ash cenospheres as a catalytic film in a novel type of periodic air-sparged photocatalytic reactor |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Materials |
| issn |
1996-1944 |
| publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
| description |
The results of a photocatalytic process performed in a new type of inclined, three-phase fluidised bed reactor with a periodic photocatalyst film are presented. These phases were fly ash cenospheres coated with TiO<sub>2</sub>, an aqueous solution of methylene blue and an air stream passing from the bottom of the photoreactor. The cenospheres have a density lower than water and could thus form a catalytic film on a top irradiated window. The formed surface film is stable but is easy to break and be reproduced in a cyclic air-sparged process. Mixing was performed in either a cyclic or a continuous manner. From an operational point of view, the best variant of mixing was a 10 s air-sparge/10 s break with a 50% duty cycle, because it provided the same discolouration efficiency and reduced energy demand by 50% in comparison with the continuous mixing. Due to film formation, the proposed catalytic reactor enables a substantial reduction in the energy required for mixing while maintaining the desired degree of discolouration. |
| topic |
catalytic film titanium dioxide cenospheres photocatalytic reaction |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1691 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT witoldzukowski synthesisandperformanceoftiosub2subflyashcenospheresasacatalyticfilminanoveltypeofperiodicairspargedphotocatalyticreactor AT przemysławmigas synthesisandperformanceoftiosub2subflyashcenospheresasacatalyticfilminanoveltypeofperiodicairspargedphotocatalyticreactor AT dariuszbradło synthesisandperformanceoftiosub2subflyashcenospheresasacatalyticfilminanoveltypeofperiodicairspargedphotocatalyticreactor AT piotrdulian synthesisandperformanceoftiosub2subflyashcenospheresasacatalyticfilminanoveltypeofperiodicairspargedphotocatalyticreactor |
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