Calcinosis in Alpaca Crias <i>(Vicugna pacos)</i> Due to Vitamin D Intoxication—Clinical, Laboratory and Pathological Findings with a Focus on Kidney Function

Calcinosis in Alpaca Crias <i>(Vicugna pacos)</i> Due to Vitamin D Intoxication—Clinical, Laboratory and Pathological Findings with a Focus on Kidney Function

Alpacas kept in Central Europe are often deficient in vitamin D<sub>3</sub>, which is supplemented orally or by injection by the owners or veterinarians. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> can be specified in two different units (IU and µg), which differ by a factor of 40. By mixing up th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Matthias Gerhard Wagener, Carina Helmer, Patricia Kammeyer, Sven Kleinschmidt, Teresa Maria Punsmann, Johanna Maria Meilwes, Cornelia Schwennen, Alexandra von Altrock, Mirja Wilkens, Barbara Schwert, Nicole von Keyserlingk-Eberius, Martin Ganter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
South American camelid
iatrogenic intoxication
kidney failure
kidney function analysis
calcification
vitamin D
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2332

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