Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts

Abstract Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possib...

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Main Authors:	Thea Fühner, Urs Granacher, Kathleen Golle, Reinhold Kliegl
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2021-09-01
Series:	Scientific Reports
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4

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spelling	doaj-49a15c20271d46378d7b92ddb90043982021-09-05T11:32:12ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-09-0111111310.1038/s41598-021-97000-4Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohortsThea Fühner0Urs Granacher1Kathleen Golle2Reinhold Kliegl3Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of PotsdamDivision of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of PotsdamDivision of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of PotsdamDivision of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of PotsdamAbstract Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Thea Fühner Urs Granacher Kathleen Golle Reinhold Kliegl
spellingShingle	Thea Fühner Urs Granacher Kathleen Golle Reinhold Kliegl Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts Scientific Reports
author_facet	Thea Fühner Urs Granacher Kathleen Golle Reinhold Kliegl
author_sort	Thea Fühner
title	Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
title_short	Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
title_full	Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
title_fullStr	Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
title_full_unstemmed	Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
title_sort	age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
publisher	Nature Publishing Group
series	Scientific Reports
issn	2045-2322
publishDate	2021-09-01
description	Abstract Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated.
url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4
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Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts

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