More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future
The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The current network is design...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452/full |
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| record_format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Gustavo J. Goni Janet Sprintall Francis Bringas Lijing Cheng Mauro Cirano Shenfu Dong Ricardo Domingues Ricardo Domingues Marlos Goes Marlos Goes Hosmay Lopez Hosmay Lopez Rosemary Morrow Ulises Rivero Thomas Rossby Robert E. Todd Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Nathalie Zilberman Molly Baringer Tim Boyer Rebecca Cowley Catia M. Domingues Catia M. Domingues Katherine Hutchinson Katherine Hutchinson Martin Kramp Mauricio M. Mata Franco Reseghetti Charles Sun Udaya Bhaskar TVS Denis Volkov Denis Volkov |
| spellingShingle |
Gustavo J. Goni Janet Sprintall Francis Bringas Lijing Cheng Mauro Cirano Shenfu Dong Ricardo Domingues Ricardo Domingues Marlos Goes Marlos Goes Hosmay Lopez Hosmay Lopez Rosemary Morrow Ulises Rivero Thomas Rossby Robert E. Todd Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Nathalie Zilberman Molly Baringer Tim Boyer Rebecca Cowley Catia M. Domingues Catia M. Domingues Katherine Hutchinson Katherine Hutchinson Martin Kramp Mauricio M. Mata Franco Reseghetti Charles Sun Udaya Bhaskar TVS Denis Volkov Denis Volkov More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future Frontiers in Marine Science expendable bathythermographs surface currents subsurface currents meridional heat transport ocean heat content sea level |
| author_facet |
Gustavo J. Goni Janet Sprintall Francis Bringas Lijing Cheng Mauro Cirano Shenfu Dong Ricardo Domingues Ricardo Domingues Marlos Goes Marlos Goes Hosmay Lopez Hosmay Lopez Rosemary Morrow Ulises Rivero Thomas Rossby Robert E. Todd Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Joaquin Trinanes Nathalie Zilberman Molly Baringer Tim Boyer Rebecca Cowley Catia M. Domingues Catia M. Domingues Katherine Hutchinson Katherine Hutchinson Martin Kramp Mauricio M. Mata Franco Reseghetti Charles Sun Udaya Bhaskar TVS Denis Volkov Denis Volkov |
| author_sort |
Gustavo J. Goni |
| title |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
| title_short |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
| title_full |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
| title_fullStr |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
| title_full_unstemmed |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
| title_sort |
more than 50 years of successful continuous temperature section measurements by the global expendable bathythermograph network, its integrability, societal benefits, and future |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| series |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
| issn |
2296-7745 |
| publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
| description |
The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The current network is designed to monitor ocean circulation and boundary current variability, basin-wide and trans-basin ocean heat transport, and global and regional heat content. The ability of the XBT Network to systematically map the upper ocean thermal field in multiple basins with repeated trans-basin sections at eddy-resolving scales remains unmatched today and cannot be reproduced at present by any other observing platform. Some repeated XBT transects have now been continuously occupied for more than 30 years, providing an unprecedented long-term climate record of temperature, and geostrophic velocity profiles that are used to understand variability in ocean heat content (OHC), sea level change, and meridional ocean heat transport. Here, we present key scientific advances in understanding the changing ocean and climate system supported by XBT observations. Improvement in XBT data quality and its impact on computations, particularly of OHC, are presented. Technology development for probes, launchers, and transmission techniques are also discussed. Finally, we offer new perspectives for the future of the Global XBT Network. |
| topic |
expendable bathythermographs surface currents subsurface currents meridional heat transport ocean heat content sea level |
| url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452/full |
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doaj-49755c44f7a14ea2bd23ea0dcffbc1972020-11-25T01:14:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452019-07-01610.3389/fmars.2019.00452433073More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and FutureGustavo J. Goni0Janet Sprintall1Francis Bringas2Lijing Cheng3Mauro Cirano4Shenfu Dong5Ricardo Domingues6Ricardo Domingues7Marlos Goes8Marlos Goes9Hosmay Lopez10Hosmay Lopez11Rosemary Morrow12Ulises Rivero13Thomas Rossby14Robert E. Todd15Joaquin Trinanes16Joaquin Trinanes17Joaquin Trinanes18Nathalie Zilberman19Molly Baringer20Tim Boyer21Rebecca Cowley22Catia M. Domingues23Catia M. Domingues24Katherine Hutchinson25Katherine Hutchinson26Martin Kramp27Mauricio M. Mata28Franco Reseghetti29Charles Sun30Udaya Bhaskar TVS31Denis Volkov32Denis Volkov33Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesInternational Center for Climate and Environment Science, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Meteorology, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesLaboratorie d'Etudes en Geophisique et Oceanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, FranceAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United StatesWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesTechnological Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States0National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, United States1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia2ACE CRC, CLEX, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia3Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia4Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa5Laboratoire LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Universités Paris 06) CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France6The JCOMM in situ Observations Programme Support Centre, Plouzané, France7Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brazil8ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Economic Development, Santa Teresa Research Centre, Lerici, Italy0National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, United States9Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Science, Hyderabad, IndiaAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesThe first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The current network is designed to monitor ocean circulation and boundary current variability, basin-wide and trans-basin ocean heat transport, and global and regional heat content. The ability of the XBT Network to systematically map the upper ocean thermal field in multiple basins with repeated trans-basin sections at eddy-resolving scales remains unmatched today and cannot be reproduced at present by any other observing platform. Some repeated XBT transects have now been continuously occupied for more than 30 years, providing an unprecedented long-term climate record of temperature, and geostrophic velocity profiles that are used to understand variability in ocean heat content (OHC), sea level change, and meridional ocean heat transport. Here, we present key scientific advances in understanding the changing ocean and climate system supported by XBT observations. Improvement in XBT data quality and its impact on computations, particularly of OHC, are presented. Technology development for probes, launchers, and transmission techniques are also discussed. Finally, we offer new perspectives for the future of the Global XBT Network.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452/fullexpendable bathythermographssurface currentssubsurface currentsmeridional heat transportocean heat contentsea level |