Protein-based antigen presentation platforms for nanoparticle vaccines

• Main Authors: Brian Nguyen, Niraj H. Tolia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Publishing Group 2021-05-01
• Series: npj Vaccines
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00330-7

Abstract Modern vaccine design has sought a minimalization approach, moving to the isolation of antigens from pathogens that invoke a strong neutralizing immune response. This approach has created safer vaccines but may limit vaccine efficacy due to poor immunogenicity. To combat global diseases such as COVID-19, malaria, and AIDS there is a clear urgency for more effective next-generation vaccines. One approach to improve the immunogenicity of vaccines is the use of nanoparticle platforms that present a repetitive array of antigen on its surface. This technology has been shown to improve antigen presenting cell uptake, lymph node trafficking, and B-cell activation through increased avidity and particle size. With a focus on design, we summarize natural platforms, methods of antigen attachment, and advancements in generating self-assembly that have led to new engineered platforms. We further examine critical parameters that will direct the usage and development of more effective platforms.