The Mediating role of perceived discrimination and stress in the associations between neighborhood social environment and TV Viewing among Jackson Heart Study participants

• Main Authors: Kosuke Tamura, Stephanie L. Orstad, Ellen K. Cromley, Sam J. Neally, Sophie E. Claudel, Marcus R. Andrews, Joniqua Ceasar, Mario Sims, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-03-01
• Series: SSM: Population Health
• Subjects: Sedentary time; Neighborhood social contexts; Mediation analyses; Objective built environment; African americans; Jackson heart study
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321000355

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of perceived discrimination and stress on associations between perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) and TV viewing. Methods: Baseline data were used for 4716 participants (mean age = 55.1 y; 63.4% female) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a large prospective cohort study of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. One binary TV viewing outcome was created: ≥4 h/day versus <4 h/day. PNSE variables included neighborhood violence, problems (higher value = more violence/problems), and social cohesion (higher value = more cohesion). Mediators included perceived lifetime discrimination, daily discrimination, and chronic stress (higher value = greater discrimination/stress). Multivariable regression was used with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) to test for mediation adjusting for demographics, health-related and psychosocial factors, and population density. Results: Neighborhood violence, problems, and social cohesion were indirectly associated with TV viewing through lifetime discrimination (OR = 1.03, 95%BC CI = 1.00, 1.07; OR = 1.03, 95%BC CI = 0.99, 1.06 [marginal]; OR = 0.98, 95%BC CI = 0.94, 0.99, respectively) and chronic stress (OR = 0.95, 95%BC CI = 0.90, 0.99; OR = 0.96, 95%BC CI = 0.92, 0.99; OR = 1.05, 95%BC CI = 1.01, 1.10, respectively). Daily discrimination was neither directly nor indirectly associated with TV viewing. Conclusions: Each PNSE variable was indirectly associated with TV viewing via lifetime discrimination and perceived stress, but not with daily discrimination among JHS participants. Unexpected directionality of mediating effects of lifetime discrimination and chronic stress should be replicated in future studies. Further research is also needed to pinpoint effective community efforts and physical environmental policies (e.g., installing bright street lights, community policing) to reduce adverse neighborhood conditions and psychosocial factors, and decrease TV viewing and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk.