| Summary: | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> frequently causes community- and hospital-acquired infections. <i>S. aureus</i> attachment followed by biofilm formation on tissues and medical devices plays a significant role in the establishment of chronic infections. Staphylococcal biofilms encase bacteria in a matrix and protect the cells from antimicrobials and the immune system, resulting in infections that are highly resistant to treatment. The biology of biofilms is complex and varies between organisms. In this review, we focus our discussion on <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms and describe the stages of their formation. We particularly emphasize genetic and biochemical processes that may be vulnerable to novel treatment approaches. Against this background, we discuss treatment strategies that have been successful in animal models of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm-related infection and consider their possible use for the prevention and eradication of biofilm-related <i>S. aureus</i> prosthetic joint infection.
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