Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol

Introduction: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) usually has a favourable prognosis. However, nearly one third of all severe cases have permanent sequelae causing a high level of disability. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A)...

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Main Authors: A. García Ron, R. Gallardo, B. Huete Hernani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2019-05-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580818301950
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language English
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author A. García Ron
R. Gallardo
B. Huete Hernani
spellingShingle A. García Ron
R. Gallardo
B. Huete Hernani
Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
Neurología (English Edition)
author_facet A. García Ron
R. Gallardo
B. Huete Hernani
author_sort A. García Ron
title Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
title_short Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
title_full Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
title_fullStr Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
title_full_unstemmed Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
title_sort utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type a for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocol
publisher Elsevier España
series Neurología (English Edition)
issn 2173-5808
publishDate 2019-05-01
description Introduction: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) usually has a favourable prognosis. However, nearly one third of all severe cases have permanent sequelae causing a high level of disability. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and describe the procedure. Patients and methods: We designed a prospective, descriptive study including patients with moderate to severe OBPP who were treated between January 2010 and December 2014. We gathered demographic data, type of OBPP, and progression. Treatment effectiveness was assessed with the Active Movement Scale (AMS), the Mallet classification, and video recordings. Results: We gathered a total of 14 133 newborns, 15 of whom had OBPP (1.6 per 1000 live births). Forty percent of the cases had severe OBPP (0.4/1000), a dystocic delivery, and APGAR scores < 5; mean weight was 4038 g. Mean age at treatment onset was 11.5 months. The muscles most frequently receiving BoNT-A injections were the pronator teres, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major. All the patients who completed the follow-up period (83%) experienced progressive improvements: up to 3 points on the AMS and a mean score of 19.5 points out of 25 on the Mallet classification at 2 years. Treatment improved muscle function and abnormal posture in all cases. Surgery was avoided in 3 patients and delayed in one. Adverse events were mild and self-limited. Conclusions: Due to its safety and effectiveness, BoNT-A may be used off-label as an adjuvant to physical therapy and/or surgery in moderate to severe OBPP. Ultrasound may increase effectiveness and reduce adverse effects. Resumen: Introducción: La parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO) suele tener un pronóstico favorable; sin embargo, casi un tercio de los casos graves presentan secuelas permanentes que generan gran discapacidad. Valoramos la eficacia del tratamiento con infiltraciones ecoguiadas de toxina botulínica A (TB-A) y describimos el procedimiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de los casos de PBO moderada-grave tratados entre enero del 2010 y diciembre del 2014. Recogimos datos demográficos, tipo de PBO y evolución. Valoramos eficacia con la escala de movimiento activo (EMA), Mallet Classification System y videofilmación. Resultados: Valoramos a 14.133 recién nacidos vivos, con 15 casos de PBO (1,06 por cada 1.000). El 40% casos graves (0,4/1000), nacidos de parto distócico, con APGAR < 5 y peso medio de 4.038 g. Edad media de inicio de infiltraciones 11,5 meses. El pronator teres, subescapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi y/o pectoralis major fueron los más frecuentemente infiltrados. Mejoría progresiva hasta 3 niveles en EMA y una media de 19,5 puntos sobre 25 en la escala de Mallet a los 2 años en todos los casos de PBO que completaron el seguimiento (83%). Todos mejoraron funcionalidad y posturas anormales. Evitamos la cirugía en 3 pacientes y se retrasó en uno. Los efectos adversos del tratamiento fueron leves y autolimitados. Conclusiones: Por su seguridad y eficacia, parece razonable la utilización «off label» de TB-A como tratamiento adyuvante a las terapias físicas y/o tratamiento quirúrgico en las PBO moderadas-graves. La ecografía podría aumentar la eficacia y disminuir efectos adversos. Keywords: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy, Brachial plexus, Neonatal neuropathy, Botulinum toxin A, Shoulder dystocia, Ultrasound, Palabras clave: Parálisis braquial obstétrica, Plexo braquial, Neuropatía neonata, Toxina botulínica, Disocia de hombro, Ecografía
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580818301950
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spelling doaj-466592d0412b4a7ba4d43a288cba849e2020-11-24T22:15:10ZengElsevier EspañaNeurología (English Edition)2173-58082019-05-01344215223Utility of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A for muscle imbalance in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: description of the procedure and action protocolA. García Ron0R. Gallardo1B. Huete Hernani2Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Residente de Neuropediatría, H.U. Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, SpainServicio de Pediatría, Unidad de Neuropediatría, H.U. Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, SpainIntroduction: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) usually has a favourable prognosis. However, nearly one third of all severe cases have permanent sequelae causing a high level of disability. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and describe the procedure. Patients and methods: We designed a prospective, descriptive study including patients with moderate to severe OBPP who were treated between January 2010 and December 2014. We gathered demographic data, type of OBPP, and progression. Treatment effectiveness was assessed with the Active Movement Scale (AMS), the Mallet classification, and video recordings. Results: We gathered a total of 14 133 newborns, 15 of whom had OBPP (1.6 per 1000 live births). Forty percent of the cases had severe OBPP (0.4/1000), a dystocic delivery, and APGAR scores < 5; mean weight was 4038 g. Mean age at treatment onset was 11.5 months. The muscles most frequently receiving BoNT-A injections were the pronator teres, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major. All the patients who completed the follow-up period (83%) experienced progressive improvements: up to 3 points on the AMS and a mean score of 19.5 points out of 25 on the Mallet classification at 2 years. Treatment improved muscle function and abnormal posture in all cases. Surgery was avoided in 3 patients and delayed in one. Adverse events were mild and self-limited. Conclusions: Due to its safety and effectiveness, BoNT-A may be used off-label as an adjuvant to physical therapy and/or surgery in moderate to severe OBPP. Ultrasound may increase effectiveness and reduce adverse effects. Resumen: Introducción: La parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO) suele tener un pronóstico favorable; sin embargo, casi un tercio de los casos graves presentan secuelas permanentes que generan gran discapacidad. Valoramos la eficacia del tratamiento con infiltraciones ecoguiadas de toxina botulínica A (TB-A) y describimos el procedimiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de los casos de PBO moderada-grave tratados entre enero del 2010 y diciembre del 2014. Recogimos datos demográficos, tipo de PBO y evolución. Valoramos eficacia con la escala de movimiento activo (EMA), Mallet Classification System y videofilmación. Resultados: Valoramos a 14.133 recién nacidos vivos, con 15 casos de PBO (1,06 por cada 1.000). El 40% casos graves (0,4/1000), nacidos de parto distócico, con APGAR < 5 y peso medio de 4.038 g. Edad media de inicio de infiltraciones 11,5 meses. El pronator teres, subescapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi y/o pectoralis major fueron los más frecuentemente infiltrados. Mejoría progresiva hasta 3 niveles en EMA y una media de 19,5 puntos sobre 25 en la escala de Mallet a los 2 años en todos los casos de PBO que completaron el seguimiento (83%). Todos mejoraron funcionalidad y posturas anormales. Evitamos la cirugía en 3 pacientes y se retrasó en uno. Los efectos adversos del tratamiento fueron leves y autolimitados. Conclusiones: Por su seguridad y eficacia, parece razonable la utilización «off label» de TB-A como tratamiento adyuvante a las terapias físicas y/o tratamiento quirúrgico en las PBO moderadas-graves. La ecografía podría aumentar la eficacia y disminuir efectos adversos. Keywords: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy, Brachial plexus, Neonatal neuropathy, Botulinum toxin A, Shoulder dystocia, Ultrasound, Palabras clave: Parálisis braquial obstétrica, Plexo braquial, Neuropatía neonata, Toxina botulínica, Disocia de hombro, Ecografíahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580818301950