Использование нитрозометилмочевины и нитрозоэтилмочевины при создании селекционного материала смородины и крыжовника

• Main Author: БУЧЕНКОВ Игорь
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moldova State Agrarian University 2019-06-01
• Series: Stiinta Agricola
• Subjects: currant; gooseberry; nitrosomethylurea; nitrozoethylurea; selection; mutagen; phenotype
• Online Access: https://sa.uasm.md/index.php?journal=sa&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=653&path%5B%5D=647
• ISSN: 1857-0003; 2587-3202

The possibility of using nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and nitrosoethylurea (NEU) in the selection of currants and gooseberries was studied. It was found that NEU solutions have higher mutating effect as compared to the NMU solution. The 0.5% and 1% solutions of NMU and NEU are considered to be the sublethal and lethal doses, respectively. A greater percentage of mutant forms with economically valuable traits was observed if apical buds of plants were treated with 0.005% solutions of NEU and 0.01% solutions of NMU with an exposure time of 12 hours. The following cultivars of black currants are characterized by higher mutability: Pamyati Vavilova (4.38%), Minaj Shmyryov (4.26%), while the cultivars Cerera (0.84%) and Katyusha (0.78%) have lower mutability. Red currant cultivar Rannyaya Sladkaya (12.11%) is characterized by higher mutability as compared to the cultivar Mechta (10.62%). Gooseberry cultivars with higher mutability are Rozovyj 2 (14.88%), Malachite (13.66%), while the cultivars Yarovoj (2.63%) and Mashenka (0.63%) have the lowest mutability. A pool of 57 types of black currant with different forms of morphosis and mutations was developed, 53 types of red currant, 66 types of gooseberries. The following number of cultivars surpassing the original parent varieties for complex traits were selected: 4 types of black currants, 2 of red currant, and 3 types of gooseberries.