Durability of Wood Exposed to Alternating Climate Test and Natural Weathering

• Main Authors: Alexander Stadlmann, Maximilian Pramreiter, Robert Stingl, Christian Kurzböck, Thomas Jost, Ulrich Müller
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
• Series: Forests
• Subjects: aging effects; artificial weathering; bending strength; birch; durability; impact bending strength
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/9/953

The use of wood-based materials in the automotive industry is currently under discussion and investigation. One of the major material requirements for such applications is sufficient weathering stability. This can be demonstrated by an accelerated aging process in which the samples are exposed to changing climatic conditions and a spray mist of an aqueous NaCl solution. The effects of media salt (NaCl) on the mechanical and physical properties of wood have scarcely been investigated. The presented study investigated the changes in bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and impact bending strength (α) of naturally and artificially weathered oak (<i>Quercus </i>spp.) and birch (<i>Betula pendula </i>Roth) wood. The tests provided comparable results. The decrease under natural weathering of oak was 3.73%, 4.69%, and 6.45% for MOR, MOE, and α. Under artificial weathering the decrease observed for oak was 7.33%, 10.87%, and 16.29% and 3.2%, 8.21%, and 4.03% for birch respectively. It is remarkable that α increased for birch wood at the beginning of the artificial weathering cycles. The penetration of the aqueous NaCl solution into the wood substance resulted in an increase in the wood’s equilibrium moisture content (EMC), which can be explained by the stronger hygroscopic properties of NaCl compared to wood. The higher impact strength at the beginning of artificial weathering can be partly explained by this increase in EMC. In order to investigate the penetration behavior of salt into the wood substrate, the artificially weathered samples were examined by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and it was shown that the salt concentration changes significantly over the weathering cycles and sample cross-section.