| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Perineuriomas have been defined as tumorous lesions of the peripheral nerves which derive from perineurial cell proliferation and may be associated with abnormalities on chromosome 22.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>Three years after a painful cubital vein procaine injection, a 33 year-old man developed a median nerve lesion, initially diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms progressed despite appropriate surgery. Clinical and electrophysiological re-evaluation revealed a fusiform mass at the distal upper arm, confirmed by MRI. Immunohistochemical studies classified the tumor as a mixed perineurioma and neuroma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Perineurioma mixed with neuroma may potentially caused by the previous trauma or cytotoxic effects of procaine.</p>
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