Fractional excretion of electrolytes and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum

• Main Authors: João H. Perotta, Júlio A.N. Lisbôa, Priscila F.V. Pereira, Rüdiger D. Ollhoff, Nilton Vieira, Karina K.M.C. Faliban, Ivan R. Barros Filho
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)
• Series: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
• Subjects: Eletrólitos; acidúria paradoxal; vacas leiteras; deslocamento de abomaso; distúrbio ácido-base; laparoscopia abomasopexia; metabolismo; abomaso; bovinos; clínica
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2018000500840&lng=en&tlng=en

ABSTRACT: The fractional excretion of electrolytes is used to assess renal function and interpret electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Left displaced abomasum is a common disorder in dairy cows, which causes hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. There is limited information on fractional excretion of electrolytes in cows with displaced abomasum. This study aimed to measure the fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. Blood and urine samples were collected from 30 dairy cows before and 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The cows were divided into two groups (G1: laparoscopy and G2: laparotomy) with 15 cows each. The concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium, and creatinine were measured in serum and urine. Urinary pH and packed cell volume were measured. Fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and urinary strong ion difference [SID]urine were calculated using published formulas. Cows in both groups showed hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis before surgery; however, hypochloremia was observed only in G2. Potassium concentration significantly increased 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery in G1 and 48 and 72 h after surgery in G2. There were no significant changes in fractional excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium and urinary pH and [SID]urine between treatments and time points. Paradoxical aciduria was observed before and 24 h following surgery in G1. Fractional excretion and urinary SID are valuable tools to understand hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis in dairy cows with displaced abomasum, as well as paradoxical aciduria and return of abomasal flux.