| Summary: | Abstract Background To clarify contemporary indications for first-time revision surgery after primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for addressing potential issues with cementless THA. Methods Data for 101 consecutive hips in 94 patients who underwent primary cementless THA at our institution and subsequently underwent first-time revision surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, indications for first-time revision surgery, and time from the primary THA to first-time revision surgery were evaluated. Results The overall mean time to first-time revision surgery was 10.3 years (range, 0–33 years). The indications for first-time revision surgery were polyethylene wear and osteolysis in 33 hips, aseptic loosening in 25 hips, infection in 17 hips, periprosthetic fracture in 13 hips, instability in 8 hips, and component failure (liner dissociation or stem fracture) in 5 hips. Thirty-seven hips (37%) had undergone first-time revision surgery within 5 years of primary THA, of which the most common indications were infection and periprosthetic fracture. Conclusion The current results suggested that reducing the number of early failures seems to be essential form improving THA outcomes.
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