Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins

The existence of a number of cylindrospermopsin analogs has been confirmed by several authors. These cylindrospermopsin analogs were formerly seen as minor constituents, with normal cylindrospermopsin always being the dominant form. However, it is now clear that the cylindrospermopsin analogs are th...

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Main Author: Ross Sadler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2015-08-01
Series:AIMS Environmental Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.aimspress.com/environmental/article/399/fulltext.html
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spelling doaj-40c9b7752a6a481dad8d1225d0ee91a92020-11-25T02:19:33ZengAIMS PressAIMS Environmental Science2372-03522015-08-012382785110.3934/environsci.2015.3.827201503827Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsinsRoss Sadler0School of Medicine and Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport QLD, 4215, AustraliaThe existence of a number of cylindrospermopsin analogs has been confirmed by several authors. These cylindrospermopsin analogs were formerly seen as minor constituents, with normal cylindrospermopsin always being the dominant form. However, it is now clear that the cylindrospermopsin analogs are the major species produced by certain organisms, the production being enhanced, at least in some cases, under specific physiological conditions. Presently, relatively little information is available concerning the properties, physiology of occurrence and toxicity of these molecules. The existing literature pertaining to these aspects is reviewed with respect to known cylindrospermopsin analogs.<br />The biosynthesis of the cylindrospermopsins is discussed and the previously established pathway has been modified to take account of the production of the known cylindrospermopsin forms. The anomalies in terms of in-vivo toxicity of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin are reported, along with further attempts to rationalize the situation. We also discuss reasons for the apparently similar toxicity of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin and cylindrospermopsin to cell cultures in vitro. It is hypothesized that the similarity of cylindrospermopsin intoxication to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may argue for these cyanotoxins to exert their effects via a lysosomal pathway.http://www.aimspress.com/environmental/article/399/fulltext.htmlCyanotoxinscylindrospermopsin7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin7-epi-cylindrospermopsin
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Ross Sadler
spellingShingle Ross Sadler
Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
AIMS Environmental Science
Cyanotoxins
cylindrospermopsin
7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin
7-epi-cylindrospermopsin
author_facet Ross Sadler
author_sort Ross Sadler
title Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
title_short Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
title_full Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
title_fullStr Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
title_full_unstemmed Towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
title_sort towards a more complete understanding of the occurrence and toxicities of the cylindrospermopsins
publisher AIMS Press
series AIMS Environmental Science
issn 2372-0352
publishDate 2015-08-01
description The existence of a number of cylindrospermopsin analogs has been confirmed by several authors. These cylindrospermopsin analogs were formerly seen as minor constituents, with normal cylindrospermopsin always being the dominant form. However, it is now clear that the cylindrospermopsin analogs are the major species produced by certain organisms, the production being enhanced, at least in some cases, under specific physiological conditions. Presently, relatively little information is available concerning the properties, physiology of occurrence and toxicity of these molecules. The existing literature pertaining to these aspects is reviewed with respect to known cylindrospermopsin analogs.<br />The biosynthesis of the cylindrospermopsins is discussed and the previously established pathway has been modified to take account of the production of the known cylindrospermopsin forms. The anomalies in terms of in-vivo toxicity of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin are reported, along with further attempts to rationalize the situation. We also discuss reasons for the apparently similar toxicity of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin and cylindrospermopsin to cell cultures in vitro. It is hypothesized that the similarity of cylindrospermopsin intoxication to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may argue for these cyanotoxins to exert their effects via a lysosomal pathway.
topic Cyanotoxins
cylindrospermopsin
7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin
7-epi-cylindrospermopsin
url http://www.aimspress.com/environmental/article/399/fulltext.html
work_keys_str_mv AT rosssadler towardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheoccurrenceandtoxicitiesofthecylindrospermopsins
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