Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India

Objectives: We aimed to assess the clinical pharmacist-initiated telephone-based patient education and self-management support for patients with cardiovascular disease during the nationwide lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A prospective single-center telephone-based cross-sectional study w...

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Main Authors: Oliver Joel Gona, Ramesh Madhan, Sunil Kumar Shambu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2020.599807/full
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spelling doaj-40ac7dd620e846a1b3001abb6fcf8faf2020-12-08T08:36:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2020-12-01710.3389/fcvm.2020.599807599807Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern IndiaOliver Joel Gona0Ramesh Madhan1Sunil Kumar Shambu2Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, IndiaJagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, IndiaJagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College and Hospital, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, IndiaObjectives: We aimed to assess the clinical pharmacist-initiated telephone-based patient education and self-management support for patients with cardiovascular disease during the nationwide lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A prospective single-center telephone-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at the Cardiology Department and its speciality clinic at a 1,800-bed tertiary care hospital in Southern India. A validated 8-item clinical pharmacist aided on-call questionnaire with two Domains was administered during and after lockdown (15 March and 8 June 2020). Clinical pharmacist-provided educational assistance on self-management practices were in accordance with the guidelines of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization. Comparisons was performed using sign test and association of responses were analyzed using the Goodman and Kruskal's gamma test. All the tests were two-tailed, p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Of the 1,080 patients, 907 consented with a response rate of (83.9%) and 574 (96.36%) patients were analyzed post-intervention. Majority of the patients were male (54.7%) and had Acute Coronary Syndrome [NSTEMI (42.10%), STEMI (33.92%) and Unstable Angina (9.86)]. The majority of subjects had at least two co-morbid conditions [(Type II Diabetes (48.33%), Hypertension (50.11%)] and were rural population (82.5%) as self-employed (43.1%) with a middle-class economy (31.6%). In the Domain-1 of checklist the awareness toward complications caused by COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases (Z = −19.698, p = 0.000) and the importance of universal safety precautions enhanced after clinical pharmacist assistance [(Z = −8.603, p = 0.000) and (Z = −21.795, p = 0.000)]. In Domain-II of checklist there was a significant improvement in patients awareness toward fatal complications caused by COVID-19 (Z = −20.543, p = 0.000), maintenance of self-hygiene (Z = −19.287, p = 0.000), practice of universal safety precautions (Z = −16.912, p = 0.000) and self-isolation (Z = −19.545, p = 0.000). The results of our study population varied from baseline evaluation (41.7%, n = 907) to post-intervention (95%, n = 574) based on Literacy, employment status and economic status.Conclusions: The proactive role of clinical pharmacists in providing instructional services in collaboration with cardiologist during the pandemic circumstances increased patients understanding and mitigated infection exposure among patients, health care professionals and also assuring the continuity of care in patients with established cardiovascular diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2020.599807/fullCOVID-19cardiovascular diseasesclinical pharmacistSARS-CoV- 2corona virus 19
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Oliver Joel Gona
Ramesh Madhan
Sunil Kumar Shambu
spellingShingle Oliver Joel Gona
Ramesh Madhan
Sunil Kumar Shambu
Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
COVID-19
cardiovascular diseases
clinical pharmacist
SARS-CoV- 2
corona virus 19
author_facet Oliver Joel Gona
Ramesh Madhan
Sunil Kumar Shambu
author_sort Oliver Joel Gona
title Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
title_short Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
title_full Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
title_fullStr Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Clinical Pharmacists' Assistance for Patients With Established Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Southern India
title_sort assessment of clinical pharmacists' assistance for patients with established cardiovascular diseases during the covid-19 pandemic: insights from southern india
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
issn 2297-055X
publishDate 2020-12-01
description Objectives: We aimed to assess the clinical pharmacist-initiated telephone-based patient education and self-management support for patients with cardiovascular disease during the nationwide lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A prospective single-center telephone-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at the Cardiology Department and its speciality clinic at a 1,800-bed tertiary care hospital in Southern India. A validated 8-item clinical pharmacist aided on-call questionnaire with two Domains was administered during and after lockdown (15 March and 8 June 2020). Clinical pharmacist-provided educational assistance on self-management practices were in accordance with the guidelines of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization. Comparisons was performed using sign test and association of responses were analyzed using the Goodman and Kruskal's gamma test. All the tests were two-tailed, p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Of the 1,080 patients, 907 consented with a response rate of (83.9%) and 574 (96.36%) patients were analyzed post-intervention. Majority of the patients were male (54.7%) and had Acute Coronary Syndrome [NSTEMI (42.10%), STEMI (33.92%) and Unstable Angina (9.86)]. The majority of subjects had at least two co-morbid conditions [(Type II Diabetes (48.33%), Hypertension (50.11%)] and were rural population (82.5%) as self-employed (43.1%) with a middle-class economy (31.6%). In the Domain-1 of checklist the awareness toward complications caused by COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases (Z = −19.698, p = 0.000) and the importance of universal safety precautions enhanced after clinical pharmacist assistance [(Z = −8.603, p = 0.000) and (Z = −21.795, p = 0.000)]. In Domain-II of checklist there was a significant improvement in patients awareness toward fatal complications caused by COVID-19 (Z = −20.543, p = 0.000), maintenance of self-hygiene (Z = −19.287, p = 0.000), practice of universal safety precautions (Z = −16.912, p = 0.000) and self-isolation (Z = −19.545, p = 0.000). The results of our study population varied from baseline evaluation (41.7%, n = 907) to post-intervention (95%, n = 574) based on Literacy, employment status and economic status.Conclusions: The proactive role of clinical pharmacists in providing instructional services in collaboration with cardiologist during the pandemic circumstances increased patients understanding and mitigated infection exposure among patients, health care professionals and also assuring the continuity of care in patients with established cardiovascular diseases.
topic COVID-19
cardiovascular diseases
clinical pharmacist
SARS-CoV- 2
corona virus 19
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2020.599807/full
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