Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The interplay between global warming and invasive arthropods in temperate zones is of utmost interest in terms of the potential expansions of vector-borne diseases. Up to now, investigations on the recent establishment of mosquito ve...

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Main Authors: Thomas Stephanie, Obermayr Ulla, Fischer Dominik, Kreyling Juergen, Beierkuhnlein Carl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2012-05-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
Online Access:http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/100
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spelling doaj-3ff4f5de1b7c490cbd558923e68d6c972020-11-24T22:15:55ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052012-05-015110010.1186/1756-3305-5-100Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)Thomas StephanieObermayr UllaFischer DominikKreyling JuergenBeierkuhnlein Carl<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The interplay between global warming and invasive arthropods in temperate zones is of utmost interest in terms of the potential expansions of vector-borne diseases. Up to now, investigations on the recent establishment of mosquito vectors have focused on temperatures during their phases of activity. However, cold temperatures may also act as a strong ecological constraint. Projected changes in winter climate indicate an increase of mean minimum temperatures of the coldest quarter, less frequent days with frost and a shorter frost-season in Europe at the end of the century. Nevertheless, single cold extremes are also expected to persist under warming scenarios, which have a strong impact on reproduction success.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here, the temperature constraints of European <it>Aedes albopictus</it> eggs, which had passed through a diapause, compared to non-diapausing eggs were examined systematically under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, one tropical strain of <it>Ae. albopictus</it> and of <it>Ae. aegypti</it> was used in the comparison.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The lower temperature threshold tolerated by the European eggs of <it>Ae. albopictus</it> which have undergone a diapause, was -10°C for long term exposures (12 and 24h) and -12°C for 1h exposure. Non-diapausing eggs of European <it>Ae. albopictus</it> were found to hatch after a -7°C cold treatment (8, 12 and 24h exposure). Both tropical aedine species only tolerated the long term treatment at -2°C. Neither <it>Ae. albopictus</it> nor <it>Ae. aegypti</it> eggs hatched after being exposed to -15°C. Survival was mainly influenced by temperature (F = 329.2, df = 1, p < 0.001), whereas the duration of the cold treatment only significantly influenced the hatching response at the thermal limits of survival (F = 5.6, df = 1, p = 0.031) but not at 0°C (F = 0.1, df = 1, p = 0.730). Hatching success after the cold treatment was significantly increased in European eggs, which have undergone a diapause compared to non-diapausing eggs (F = 14.7, df = 3, p < 0.001). These results illustrate rapid adaptation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Here, low temperature thresholds for aedine mosquito egg survival were detected. The compilation of risk maps for temperate regions can substantially be improved by considering areas where an establishment of a vector population is unlikely due to winter conditions.</p> http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/100
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Thomas Stephanie
Obermayr Ulla
Fischer Dominik
Kreyling Juergen
Beierkuhnlein Carl
spellingShingle Thomas Stephanie
Obermayr Ulla
Fischer Dominik
Kreyling Juergen
Beierkuhnlein Carl
Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
Parasites & Vectors
author_facet Thomas Stephanie
Obermayr Ulla
Fischer Dominik
Kreyling Juergen
Beierkuhnlein Carl
author_sort Thomas Stephanie
title Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
title_short Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
title_full Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
title_fullStr Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
title_full_unstemmed Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, <it>Aedes albopictus</it> (Diptera: Culicidae)
title_sort low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause european aedine strain, <it>aedes albopictus</it> (diptera: culicidae)
publisher BMC
series Parasites & Vectors
issn 1756-3305
publishDate 2012-05-01
description <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The interplay between global warming and invasive arthropods in temperate zones is of utmost interest in terms of the potential expansions of vector-borne diseases. Up to now, investigations on the recent establishment of mosquito vectors have focused on temperatures during their phases of activity. However, cold temperatures may also act as a strong ecological constraint. Projected changes in winter climate indicate an increase of mean minimum temperatures of the coldest quarter, less frequent days with frost and a shorter frost-season in Europe at the end of the century. Nevertheless, single cold extremes are also expected to persist under warming scenarios, which have a strong impact on reproduction success.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here, the temperature constraints of European <it>Aedes albopictus</it> eggs, which had passed through a diapause, compared to non-diapausing eggs were examined systematically under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, one tropical strain of <it>Ae. albopictus</it> and of <it>Ae. aegypti</it> was used in the comparison.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The lower temperature threshold tolerated by the European eggs of <it>Ae. albopictus</it> which have undergone a diapause, was -10°C for long term exposures (12 and 24h) and -12°C for 1h exposure. Non-diapausing eggs of European <it>Ae. albopictus</it> were found to hatch after a -7°C cold treatment (8, 12 and 24h exposure). Both tropical aedine species only tolerated the long term treatment at -2°C. Neither <it>Ae. albopictus</it> nor <it>Ae. aegypti</it> eggs hatched after being exposed to -15°C. Survival was mainly influenced by temperature (F = 329.2, df = 1, p < 0.001), whereas the duration of the cold treatment only significantly influenced the hatching response at the thermal limits of survival (F = 5.6, df = 1, p = 0.031) but not at 0°C (F = 0.1, df = 1, p = 0.730). Hatching success after the cold treatment was significantly increased in European eggs, which have undergone a diapause compared to non-diapausing eggs (F = 14.7, df = 3, p < 0.001). These results illustrate rapid adaptation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Here, low temperature thresholds for aedine mosquito egg survival were detected. The compilation of risk maps for temperate regions can substantially be improved by considering areas where an establishment of a vector population is unlikely due to winter conditions.</p>
url http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/100
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