The Patterns of Human Trafficking on Indonesian Migrant Workers: Case Study of Riau Islands and Johor Border Crossing

• Main Author: Endro Sulaksono
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universitas Indonesia 2018-08-01
• Series: Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi
• Subjects: migrant workers; human trafficking and smuggling; cross-border
• Online Access: http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/mjs/article/view/6562

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IN;">Abstrak</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tulisan ini mendiskusikan pola-pola pengiriman pekerja migran asal Indonesia melalui lintas perbatasan antara Kepulauan Riau (Kepri), Indonesia dengan Johor, Malaysia. Pola-pola ini memiliki implikasi terhadap terjadinya kejahatan lintas negara, yaitu perdagangan manusia dan penyelundupan manusia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap temuan lapangan, tulisan ini menemukan pola baru. Pola tersebut adalah proses masuk dan tinggal pekerja migran asal Indonesia secara legal, namun kemudian menjadi ilegal karena majikan atau perusahaan tidak mengurus perpanjangan kontrak para pekerja migran yang menjadi pekerjanya. Pola ini berbeda dari pola yang sudah diketahui dan umum terjadi selama ini, yaitu masuk secara legal, tapi tinggal secara ilegal, di mana mereka bekerja dengan memanfaatkan visa turis, serta masuk dan tinggal secara ilegal, di mana mereka datang dan bekerja tanpa melalui jalur yang sah dan tanpa kelengkapan dokumen. Temuan ini melengkapi temuan studi-studi terdahulu tentang pola-pola kejahatan penyelundupan dan perdagangan manusia. Temuan ini sekaligus memberikan penekanan bahwa kerentanan para pekerja migran Indonesia tidak dapat direduksi menjadi perkara prosedural-birokratis semata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa studi kasus. Adapun fenomena yang menjadi studi kasus adalah pekerja migran asal Indonesia sebagai korban perdagangan manusia di Johor, Malaysia. Data primer yang digunakan dihimpun dengan memanfaatkan teknik wawancara mendalam. Informan utamanya adalah para pekerja migran asal Indonesia yang telah menjadi korban perdagangan manusia. Kegiatan pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni&ndash;Juli 2017 di Johor dan Melaka (Malaysia), serta Batam dan Tanjung Pinang (Indonesia). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN;">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">A</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bstract</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">This article discusses patterns of sending of Indonesian migrant workers through cross-border between Riau Islands, Indonesia and Johor, Malaysia. These patterns have implications for transnational crimes of human smuggling and trafficking. Based on the results of the analysis of field findings, this paper found a new pattern. The pattern is the process of entering and living of Indonesian migrant workers legally, but then becomes illegal because the employer or the company does not extend migrants workers&rsquo; contract who become their employees. This pattern differs from two other patterns that are commonly practiced and well known: legal entry and illegal stay, if migrant workers work in destination country without working permits, and illegal entry and illegal stay, if migrant workers enter destination country and work there through illegal channel and without valid documents. This finding enriches past studies on the patterns of people smuggling and trafficking in person. This finding also stresses how Indonesia migrant workers&rsquo; vulnerability cannot be reduced to merely procedural-bureaucratic matter. This research uses case study as its method. As its case study, it chooses phenomenon of trafficking of Indonesian workers in Johor, Malaysia. The primary data was collected by using in depth interview. The key informants consist of Indonesian migrant workers who fell into human trafficking. The data collection was conducted on June-July 2017 in Johor and Melaka (Malaysia) as well as in Batam and Tanjung Pinang (Indonesia).</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p>