The Criminalization of Socio-Environmental Struggles in Puerto Rico

<p>Throughout the twentieth century and the outset of the twenty-first, Puerto Rico&rsquo;s sociopolitical and pro-independence struggles from US colonial rule have been influenced by the emergence of mobilizations for environmental justice. This article suggests that our understanding of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jose Manuel Atiles-Osoria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law 2012-02-01
Series:Oñati Socio-Legal Series
Subjects:
Online Access:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2381607
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Summary:<p>Throughout the twentieth century and the outset of the twenty-first, Puerto Rico&rsquo;s sociopolitical and pro-independence struggles from US colonial rule have been influenced by the emergence of mobilizations for environmental justice. This article suggests that our understanding of both environmental and anticolonial mobilizations can be broadened by considering Puerto Rico&rsquo;s sociopolitical and colonial reality, as well as emphasizing the criminalization processes that take place as an institutional reaction to social mobilization. The structure of the article follows a threefold analysis. In the first part, I describe the historical basis of Puerto Rico&rsquo;s colonial situation, including its environmental impact, outlining the intertwined nature of these two processes. The second part outlines the mechanisms of repression and criminalization developed by the US and Puerto Rican governments. Finally, part three analyses the Puerto Rican environmental conflicts between 1999 and 2012, as well as how pro-environmental civil disobedience became a criminal offence.</p> <hr /><p>A lo largo del siglo XX e inicios del siglo XXI las movilizaciones sociopol&iacute;ticas y anticoloniales puertorrique&ntilde;as y/o las luchas contra el r&eacute;gimen colonial estadounidense en Puerto Rico, se han visto influenciadas por el surgimiento de movilizaciones por la justicia ambiental. Este art&iacute;culo sugiere que nuestra comprensi&oacute;n de los movimientos ambientales y anticoloniales puertorrique&ntilde;os puede ser expandida en la medida que consideramos la realidad sociopol&iacute;tica y colonial puertorrique&ntilde;a, as&iacute; como al enfatizar en el estudio de los procesos sistem&aacute;ticos e institucionales de criminalizaci&oacute;n desplegados contra estas movilizaciones sociales. La estructura de este articulo se fundamenta en un an&aacute;lisis tridimensional. La primera parte, describe brevemente la historia colonial de Puerto Rico y el impacto del colonialismo sobre el medioambiente, se&ntilde;alando de esta manera la intensa correlaci&oacute;n entre estos dos procesos. La segunda parte describe los mecanismos de represi&oacute;n y criminalizaci&oacute;n desarrollados por los gobierno de Estados Unidos de Am&eacute;rica y Puerto Rico. Finalmente, la tercera parte analiza los conflictos medioambientales puertorrique&ntilde;os entre los a&ntilde;os 1999 y 2012 y muestra como la desobediencia civil en favor del medioambiente fue criminalizada.
ISSN:2079-5971