Modification of ChPL (chitosan protein–lipid) nanoparticles for in vitro release of rifampicin (RIF)

• Main Authors: Poopak Farnia, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Saeed Mollaei, Afshin Bahrami, Ali Akbar Velayati
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2015-01-01
• Series: International Journal of Mycobacteriology
• Subjects: ChPL-NPs; Nanoparticles; RIF; Antimycobacterial activity
• Online Access: http://www.ijmyco.org/article.asp?issn=2212-5531;year=2015;volume=4;issue=5;spage=16;epage=16;aulast=Farnia;type=0
• ISSN: 2212-5531; 2212-554X

During recent years, the implication of nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems has gained much scientific attention. As drugs do not deliver themselves, a nanoparticle can act by optimizing drug delivery in the right place, at the right time and at the right dosage. In previous years, this research successfully developed and evaluated the ChPL-NPs nanoparticles (chitosan protein–lipid) [US patent pending 20140370500]. In the present investigation, rifampicin (RIF) ChPL-NPs nanoparticles were designed and developed. Consequently, the in vitro release of RIF ChPL-NPs nanoparticles was investigated. Material and Methods: Briefly, chitosan powder (90 KD and 90% degree of deacetylation) was dissolved (1% acetic-acid) and mixed with gelatin (3%). Then, the lipid and rifampin in ether was precipitated by rotary vacuum evaporator. Under high speed homogenizer (12,000rpm), both solutions (chitosan–gelatin & rifampin–lipid) were mixed [US patent pending 20140370500]. The obtained RIF ChPL-NPs were put into a dialysis bag with cut-off 14 KD in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4). The release of RIF was obtained by reverse phase HPLC using C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of 50:50 v/v acetonitrile and 10 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH=3.2) and flow rate 1 ml/min. The column temp was maintained at 25 °C with UV detection at 335nm. Results and conclusions: The average size of RIF ChPL-NPs was about 50–250nm. The release of RIF from the dialysis bag started after 30 min which was 2400ng/ml; after 16 h the release of RIF was 15,000ng/ml; and at 40 h the concentration reached to 19,600ng/ml. Therefore, these results showed a slow release of RIF from ChPL-NPs. Basically, the intensity of the surface charges in nanoparticle is important as it determines their interaction with bioactive compound. In RIF ChPL-NPs, lipid had negative charges, whereas chitosan and gelatin had positive charges. The electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged ions would ultimately cause an effective system drug delivery. RIF ChPL-NPs is not only suitable for intravenous administration, but it can be used as an inhalation aerosol, because this nanoparticle has a capacity to adhere to mucosal surfaces and transiently open the tight junction.