| Summary: | Background: Surgical site infection is the most common kind of nosocomial infection in developed and developing countries. Objectives: Our aim was to identify the prevalence of factors predisposing to multidrug resistance and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens. Method: This retrospective study enrolled 10,878 patients who underwent operations in 2018–2020. Pathogens were identified using eosin methylene blue agar. Mueller–Hinton agar was used to assess antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. In total, 382 patients with confirmed surgical site infection (SSI), whose culture showed growth, were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of SSI in the current study was 3.5%. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the predominant pathogen (35.8%), followed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (21.8%). Antibiotic use, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and emergency operations were found to increase the likelihood of multidrug resistance (OR = 6.23, CI = 1.443–26.881, <i>p</i> = 0.014; OR = 5.67, CI = 1.837–19.64, <i>p</i> = 0.02; OR = 2.54, CI = 1.46–7.35, <i>p</i> = 0.03; OR = 1.885, CI = 1.067–3.332, <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively). The pathogens showed different levels of antimicrobial resistance against ceftriaxone (72.7%), ciprofloxacin (46.6%), and gentamicin (34%). Antimicrobial resistance of about 1–3.4% was exhibited by linezolid, tigecycline, and teicoplanin. Conclusion: The study presented significantly increased multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae pathogens isolated from surgical sites. They involve significant morbidity and mortality rates and increased health-related costs.
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