| Summary: | This article examines the roots of the divorce between Peronism and Communism in Argentina, taking into consideration four central aspects: the military matrix from which the construction of the Peronist movement began; the dispute over the collective identity of the workers; the type of repression exercised by the government; and the political orientation developed by the Argentine communists. The analysis of the matrix from which the relations between Peronists and Communists were built reveals the central role of the anti-communist repression that, unlike that which took place during the previous decades, was functional to an State willing to first dispute and later hegemonize the workers' sense of belonging, that is, it targeted its main competitor in the Argentine working class. It also offers a reconstruction of the positions assumed by the Communist Party in relation to all the attempts at coup d’état. In light of these considerations, it researches the roots of the disagreement between the two political forces and its consequences in the long term.
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