| Summary: | The article presents scientific views on the myopia of one of the founders of the national school of ophthalmology — Professor E.V. Adamjuk (1839–1906). Exactly 150 years ago, in his work “About Short-sightedness” (1874), the scientist gave a detailed description of this refractive error, outlining the main reasons for its development. To these reasons, he attributed a long-term work at the closest distance, stretching the posterior segment of the eyeball with the formation of a myopic crescent and staphyloma, which he found in his patients using an ophthalmoscopy. In another publication, devoted to the analysis of the article of the hygienist V.V. Erisman, “The Impact of Schools on the Origin of Myopia on Observations on Students in Educational Institutions of St. Petersburg” (1871), the professor identified poor illumination and poor posture among schoolchildren as the main factors in the formation of myopic refraction. Many postulates advanced by E.V. Adamjuk in the XIX century, influenced in the views of modern ophthalmologists on the etiopathogenesis and prevention of myopia.
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