IDentif.AI: Rapidly optimizing combination therapy design against severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) with digital drug development

• Main Authors: Agata Blasiak, Jhin Jieh Lim, Shirley Gek Kheng Seah, Theodore Kee, Alexandria Remus, De Hoe Chye, Pui San Wong, Lissa Hooi, Anh T. L. Truong, Nguyen Le, Conrad E. Z. Chan, Rishi Desai, Xianting Ding, Brendon J. Hanson, Edward Kai‐Hua Chow, Dean Ho
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
• Series: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
• Subjects: artificial intelligence; combinatory treatment; COVID‐19; digital medicine; drug development; drug interactions
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10196

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) led to multiple drug repurposing clinical trials that have yielded largely uncertain outcomes. To overcome this challenge, we used IDentif.AI, a platform that pairs experimental validation with artificial intelligence (AI) and digital drug development to rapidly pinpoint unpredictable drug interactions and optimize infectious disease combination therapy design with clinically relevant dosages. IDentif.AI was paired with a 12‐drug candidate therapy set representing over 530,000 drug combinations against the SARS‐CoV‐2 live virus collected from a patient sample. IDentif.AI pinpointed the optimal combination as remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir, which was experimentally validated to mediate a 6.5‐fold enhanced efficacy over remdesivir alone. Additionally, it showed hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin to be relatively ineffective. The study was completed within 2 weeks, with a three‐order of magnitude reduction in the number of tests needed. IDentif.AI independently mirrored clinical trial outcomes to date without any data from these trials. The robustness of this digital drug development approach paired with in vitro experimentation and AI‐driven optimization suggests that IDentif.AI may be clinically actionable toward current and future outbreaks.