Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming

Under conditions of Organic Farming, we investigated whether direct seeding of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) into straw mulch from residues of precrop oats used for weed control enables at least occasional/opportunistic direct seeding in Organic Agriculture. Eight field trials were carried out at differ...

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Main Authors: Massucati, Luiz Felipe Perrone, Köpke, Ulrich
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Julius Kühn-Institut 2014-02-01
Series:Julius-Kühn-Archiv
Subjects:
Online Access:http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/article/view/2905/3104
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spelling doaj-3b194e3287044323b592c6b5acdc07782020-11-24T22:14:21ZdeuJulius Kühn-InstitutJulius-Kühn-Archiv1868-98921868-98922014-02-0144348449210.5073/jka.2014.443.060Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic FarmingMassucati, Luiz Felipe PerroneKöpke, UlrichUnder conditions of Organic Farming, we investigated whether direct seeding of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) into straw mulch from residues of precrop oats used for weed control enables at least occasional/opportunistic direct seeding in Organic Agriculture. Eight field trials were carried out at different study sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Direct seeding (DS) was performed into mulch layers of 0,4 and 6 t ha-1 of straw residues applied to the remaining stubble, simulating different yield levels of the precrop oats. LBS was used as a reference treatment, where straw was harvested, stubble tillage performed and seedbed prepared in fall and oil radish (Raphanus sativus) grown as winter cover crop. Mouldboard ploughing combined with conventional seedbed preparation was performed in early spring to V. faba. Compared with LBS, straw mulch with subsequent direct seeding suppressed especially dicotyledonous annuals significantly. DS treatments with straw reduced the abundance of this group by 81 and 85% compared with LBS. Straw mulch resulted in effective suppression of photosensitive weeds such as Matricaria spp. and late germinating Chenopodium album. Grasses and perennial species occurred independent of the amount of straw. Compared with DS, the abundance of these weeds was reduced by 64 and 82% in LBS treatment. The shoot dry matter production of faba bean was retarded by DS compared with LBS, but significant yield losses could be avoided with straw residues of at least 4 t ha-1. Sufficient amount of straw of from the previous crop is a key criterion to facilitate organic no-till farming of faba bean in a suitable crop sequence when pressure of perennials and grasses is low. http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/article/view/2905/3104faba beanno tillageorganic farmingstraw mulchweed control
collection DOAJ
language deu
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Massucati, Luiz Felipe Perrone
Köpke, Ulrich
spellingShingle Massucati, Luiz Felipe Perrone
Köpke, Ulrich
Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
Julius-Kühn-Archiv
faba bean
no tillage
organic farming
straw mulch
weed control
author_facet Massucati, Luiz Felipe Perrone
Köpke, Ulrich
author_sort Massucati, Luiz Felipe Perrone
title Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
title_short Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
title_full Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
title_fullStr Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
title_full_unstemmed Effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in Organic Farming
title_sort effect of straw mulch residues of previous crop oats on the weed population in direct seeded faba bean in organic farming
publisher Julius Kühn-Institut
series Julius-Kühn-Archiv
issn 1868-9892
1868-9892
publishDate 2014-02-01
description Under conditions of Organic Farming, we investigated whether direct seeding of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) into straw mulch from residues of precrop oats used for weed control enables at least occasional/opportunistic direct seeding in Organic Agriculture. Eight field trials were carried out at different study sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Direct seeding (DS) was performed into mulch layers of 0,4 and 6 t ha-1 of straw residues applied to the remaining stubble, simulating different yield levels of the precrop oats. LBS was used as a reference treatment, where straw was harvested, stubble tillage performed and seedbed prepared in fall and oil radish (Raphanus sativus) grown as winter cover crop. Mouldboard ploughing combined with conventional seedbed preparation was performed in early spring to V. faba. Compared with LBS, straw mulch with subsequent direct seeding suppressed especially dicotyledonous annuals significantly. DS treatments with straw reduced the abundance of this group by 81 and 85% compared with LBS. Straw mulch resulted in effective suppression of photosensitive weeds such as Matricaria spp. and late germinating Chenopodium album. Grasses and perennial species occurred independent of the amount of straw. Compared with DS, the abundance of these weeds was reduced by 64 and 82% in LBS treatment. The shoot dry matter production of faba bean was retarded by DS compared with LBS, but significant yield losses could be avoided with straw residues of at least 4 t ha-1. Sufficient amount of straw of from the previous crop is a key criterion to facilitate organic no-till farming of faba bean in a suitable crop sequence when pressure of perennials and grasses is low.
topic faba bean
no tillage
organic farming
straw mulch
weed control
url http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/article/view/2905/3104
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