Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?

The paradoxical increase in cardiovascular events in patients with treatment-induced low blood pressure (BP), particularly in hypertensives with pre-existing coronary artery disease, especially those with critically low diastolic BP, which conflicts with data from epidemiologic observational studies...

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Main Author: José Braz Nogueira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2013-02-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491300024X
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spelling doaj-3b01937cdf554dda8bbe8efe4f8c94472020-11-25T02:14:12ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)2174-20492013-02-01322139144Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?José Braz Nogueira0Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalThe paradoxical increase in cardiovascular events in patients with treatment-induced low blood pressure (BP), particularly in hypertensives with pre-existing coronary artery disease, especially those with critically low diastolic BP, which conflicts with data from epidemiologic observational studies, is referred to as a J-curve. It was first described over 30 years ago and is still the subject of considerable controversy. Recent large clinical outcomes trials (INVEST, TNT, ONTARGET, PROVE IT-TIMI 22, SMART) and meta-analyses strongly support its existence for systolic and diastolic BP. The diastolic J-curve is commonly more pronounced. In contrast to cardiovascular complications related to coronary artery disease, no J-curve phenomenon was noted for stroke in most of these studies. This is explained by differences in cerebral and coronary autoregulation and because coronary perfusion occurs only during diastole. On the basis of this review, we suggest a cautious, individualized approach to treatment, particularly in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease or high risk for impaired coronary blood flow. In these patients we advise against treatment that lowers systolic BP below 120–125 mmHg and, particularly, diastolic BP below 70–75 mmHg. Resumo: O aumento paradoxal de eventos cardiovasculares quando a diminuição da pressão arterial ultrapassa determinados níveis críticos, em particular de pressão diastólica e em especial em hipertensos com doença coronária, contrariando os dados de estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, que é conhecido como curva em J e foi descrito há mais de 30 anos tendo suscitado muita controvérsia, foi novamente posto em evidência em vários estudos clínicos recentes (INVEST, TNT, ONTARGET, PROVE IT TIMI 22, SMART) e meta-análises. Na maioria destes estudos, a curva em J foi mais pronunciada para a pressão diastólica (pelo facto de a perfusão coronária se fazer durante a diástole) e não se evidenciou curva em J para acidente vascular cerebral, o que estará relacionado com diferenças nas curvas de autorregulação cerebral e coronária. Com base na análise de todos estes estudos, é nossa opinião que a atitude a tomar deverá ser prudente e individualizada, em especial em hipertensos com doença coronária comprovada ou risco acrescido para fluxo coronário comprometido (idosos, presença de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda), devendo evitar-se que se atinjam com a terapêutica anti-hipertensiva valores de pressão sistólica inferiores a 120-125 mmHg e, em particular, valores de pressão diastólica inferiores a 70-75 mmHg. Keywords: Hypertension, J-curve, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Palavras-chave: Hipertensão, Curva J, Doença coronária, Acidente vascular cerebralhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491300024X
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author José Braz Nogueira
spellingShingle José Braz Nogueira
Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
author_facet José Braz Nogueira
author_sort José Braz Nogueira
title Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
title_short Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
title_full Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
title_fullStr Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
title_full_unstemmed Hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: Should the blood pressure J-curve be a concern?
title_sort hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke: should the blood pressure j-curve be a concern?
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
issn 2174-2049
publishDate 2013-02-01
description The paradoxical increase in cardiovascular events in patients with treatment-induced low blood pressure (BP), particularly in hypertensives with pre-existing coronary artery disease, especially those with critically low diastolic BP, which conflicts with data from epidemiologic observational studies, is referred to as a J-curve. It was first described over 30 years ago and is still the subject of considerable controversy. Recent large clinical outcomes trials (INVEST, TNT, ONTARGET, PROVE IT-TIMI 22, SMART) and meta-analyses strongly support its existence for systolic and diastolic BP. The diastolic J-curve is commonly more pronounced. In contrast to cardiovascular complications related to coronary artery disease, no J-curve phenomenon was noted for stroke in most of these studies. This is explained by differences in cerebral and coronary autoregulation and because coronary perfusion occurs only during diastole. On the basis of this review, we suggest a cautious, individualized approach to treatment, particularly in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease or high risk for impaired coronary blood flow. In these patients we advise against treatment that lowers systolic BP below 120–125 mmHg and, particularly, diastolic BP below 70–75 mmHg. Resumo: O aumento paradoxal de eventos cardiovasculares quando a diminuição da pressão arterial ultrapassa determinados níveis críticos, em particular de pressão diastólica e em especial em hipertensos com doença coronária, contrariando os dados de estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, que é conhecido como curva em J e foi descrito há mais de 30 anos tendo suscitado muita controvérsia, foi novamente posto em evidência em vários estudos clínicos recentes (INVEST, TNT, ONTARGET, PROVE IT TIMI 22, SMART) e meta-análises. Na maioria destes estudos, a curva em J foi mais pronunciada para a pressão diastólica (pelo facto de a perfusão coronária se fazer durante a diástole) e não se evidenciou curva em J para acidente vascular cerebral, o que estará relacionado com diferenças nas curvas de autorregulação cerebral e coronária. Com base na análise de todos estes estudos, é nossa opinião que a atitude a tomar deverá ser prudente e individualizada, em especial em hipertensos com doença coronária comprovada ou risco acrescido para fluxo coronário comprometido (idosos, presença de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda), devendo evitar-se que se atinjam com a terapêutica anti-hipertensiva valores de pressão sistólica inferiores a 120-125 mmHg e, em particular, valores de pressão diastólica inferiores a 70-75 mmHg. Keywords: Hypertension, J-curve, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Palavras-chave: Hipertensão, Curva J, Doença coronária, Acidente vascular cerebral
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491300024X
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