PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BULU AYAM MENJADI BAHAN PAKAN IKAN DENGAN FERMENTASI Bacillus subtilis (Utilization of Waste Chicken Feather to Fish Feed Ingredients Material with Fermentation of Bacillus subtilis)

• Main Authors: Dini Siswani Mulia, Risna Tri Yuliningsih, Heri Maryanto, Cahyono Purbomartono
• Format: Article
• Language: Indonesian
• Published: Universitas Gadjah Mada 2016-02-01
• Series: Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
• Subjects: Bacillus subtilis; bahan pakan ikan; bulu ayam; fermentasi; limbah; pemanfaatan; fish feed ingredients; chicken feathers; fermentation; waste; utilization
• Online Access: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/JML/article/view/18773
• ISSN: 0854-5510; 2460-5727

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah bulu ayam menjadi bahan pakan ikan dengan fermentasi Bacillus subtilis. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan, 3 kali ulangan, yaitu P0 : tepung bulu ayam non fermentasi; P1 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 5 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam; P2 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 10 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam; P3 : fermentasi dengan inokulum B. subtilis 15 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam. Parameter yang diamati adalah hasil uji proksimat meliputi kadar protein kasar, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak kasar, kadar serat kasar, dan parameter pendukung yaitu uji organoleptik, berupa sifat fisik tepung bulu ayam, meliputi warna, tekstur, dan bau. Data berupa hasil uji proksimat dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf uji 5%, sedangkan untuk data hasil organoleptik dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan limbah bulu ayam menjadi bahan pakan ikan dapat dilakukan dengan fermentasi B. subtilis. Fermentasi tepung bulu ayam menggunakan B. subtillis dapat meningkatkan kualitas bahan baku pakan ikan. Perlakuan P2 (inokulum 10 mL/2 g tepung bulu ayam)adalah perlakuan yang paling efektif karena menghasilkan protein tertinggi yaitu 80,59%, dengan perubahan sifat fisik menjadi putih sampai putih kekuningan (warna), lembut (tekstur), dan khas kurang menyengat (bau).   ABSTRACT This study aims to utilize waste chicken feathers into fish feed ingredients by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. The research has done by experimental methods with completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments, 3 repetitions, ie P0: non-fermented chicken feather meal; P1: fermentation with B. subtilis 5 mL inoculum/2 g chicken feather meal; P2: 10 mL/2 g chicken feather meal; P3: 15 mL/2 g chicken feather meal. Parameters measured were the proximate test results include the levels of crude protein, moisture, ash, crude fat content, fiber content, and organoleptic parameters that support, in the form of physical properties of chicken feather meal, including color, texture, and smell. Proximate test data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with 5% level, while the organoleptic data were analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results showed that the utilization of waste chicken feathers into fish feed ingredients can be done by fermentation of B. subtilis. Fermentation chicken feather meal using inoculum B. subtillis can improve the quality of fish feed ingredients. Treatment P2 (inoculum 10 mL/2 g chicken feather meal) is the most effective treatment because it produces the highest protein is 80.59%, with changes in physical properties to be white to yellowish white (colour), soft (texture), and less typical sting (smell).