Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength

Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength

Background: Accurate data on the sound emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils is lacking. Methods: We recorded the sound waveforms of seven coils with high bandwidth. We estimated the neural stimulation strength by measuring the induced electric field and applying a strength–durati...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lari M. Koponen, Stefan M. Goetz, Debara L. Tucci, Angel V. Peterchev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-05-01
Series:Brain Stimulation
Subjects:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS
Coil click
Sound
Stimulation strength
Hearing safety
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20300577
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spelling doaj-3a10c9ff5d1b4cb4a3207304193800ba2021-03-19T07:21:50ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2020-05-01133873880Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strengthLari M. Koponen0Stefan M. Goetz1Debara L. Tucci2Angel V. Peterchev3Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USADepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USADepartment of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USADepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Corresponding author. 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Box 3620 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.Background: Accurate data on the sound emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils is lacking. Methods: We recorded the sound waveforms of seven coils with high bandwidth. We estimated the neural stimulation strength by measuring the induced electric field and applying a strength–duration model to account for different waveforms. Results: Across coils, at maximum stimulator output and 25 cm distance, the sound pressure level (SPL) was 98–125 dB(Z) per pulse and 76–98 dB(A) for a 20 Hz pulse train. At 5 cm distance, these values were estimated to increase to 112–139 dB(Z) and 90–112 dB(A), respectively. Conclusions: The coils’ airborne sound can exceed some exposure limits for TMS subjects and, in some cases, for operators. These findings are consistent with the current TMS safety guidelines that recommend the use of hearing protection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20300577Transcranial magnetic stimulationTMSCoil clickSoundStimulation strengthHearing safety
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Lari M. Koponen
Stefan M. Goetz
Debara L. Tucci
Angel V. Peterchev
spellingShingle Lari M. Koponen
Stefan M. Goetz
Debara L. Tucci
Angel V. Peterchev
Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
Brain Stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS
Coil click
Sound
Stimulation strength
Hearing safety
author_facet Lari M. Koponen
Stefan M. Goetz
Debara L. Tucci
Angel V. Peterchev
author_sort Lari M. Koponen
title Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
title_short Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
title_full Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
title_fullStr Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
title_full_unstemmed Sound comparison of seven TMS coils at matched stimulation strength
title_sort sound comparison of seven tms coils at matched stimulation strength
publisher Elsevier
series Brain Stimulation
issn 1935-861X
publishDate 2020-05-01
description Background: Accurate data on the sound emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils is lacking. Methods: We recorded the sound waveforms of seven coils with high bandwidth. We estimated the neural stimulation strength by measuring the induced electric field and applying a strength–duration model to account for different waveforms. Results: Across coils, at maximum stimulator output and 25 cm distance, the sound pressure level (SPL) was 98–125 dB(Z) per pulse and 76–98 dB(A) for a 20 Hz pulse train. At 5 cm distance, these values were estimated to increase to 112–139 dB(Z) and 90–112 dB(A), respectively. Conclusions: The coils’ airborne sound can exceed some exposure limits for TMS subjects and, in some cases, for operators. These findings are consistent with the current TMS safety guidelines that recommend the use of hearing protection.
topic Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS
Coil click
Sound
Stimulation strength
Hearing safety
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20300577
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AT stefanmgoetz soundcomparisonofseventmscoilsatmatchedstimulationstrength
AT debaraltucci soundcomparisonofseventmscoilsatmatchedstimulationstrength
AT angelvpeterchev soundcomparisonofseventmscoilsatmatchedstimulationstrength
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