Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses are extremely successful parasites that have evolved over millions of years to develop a variety of mechanisms to coexist with their hosts and to maintain host-to-host transmission and lifelong infection by regulating their life cycles. The life cycle of herpesviruses consists of two p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.668461/full |
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Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Ying Wu Ying Wu Ying Wu Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Shun Chen Shun Chen Shun Chen Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Dekang Zhu Dekang Zhu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Juan Huang Juan Huang Juan Huang Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Sai Mao Sai Mao Sai Mao Qun Gao Qun Gao Qun Gao Di Sun Di Sun Di Sun Bin Tian Bin Tian Bin Tian Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng |
| spellingShingle |
Ying Wu Ying Wu Ying Wu Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Shun Chen Shun Chen Shun Chen Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Dekang Zhu Dekang Zhu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Juan Huang Juan Huang Juan Huang Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Sai Mao Sai Mao Sai Mao Qun Gao Qun Gao Qun Gao Di Sun Di Sun Di Sun Bin Tian Bin Tian Bin Tian Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses Frontiers in Microbiology viral life cycle latent lytic reactivation ICP22 ORF63 |
| author_facet |
Ying Wu Ying Wu Ying Wu Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Qiqi Yang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Mingshu Wang Shun Chen Shun Chen Shun Chen Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Renyong Jia Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Qiao Yang Dekang Zhu Dekang Zhu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Mafeng Liu Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Xinxin Zhao Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Shaqiu Zhang Juan Huang Juan Huang Juan Huang Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Xumin Ou Sai Mao Sai Mao Sai Mao Qun Gao Qun Gao Qun Gao Di Sun Di Sun Di Sun Bin Tian Bin Tian Bin Tian Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng Anchun Cheng |
| author_sort |
Ying Wu |
| title |
Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses |
| title_short |
Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses |
| title_full |
Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses |
| title_fullStr |
Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses |
| title_sort |
multifaceted roles of icp22/orf63 proteins in the life cycle of human herpesviruses |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
| issn |
1664-302X |
| publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
| description |
Herpesviruses are extremely successful parasites that have evolved over millions of years to develop a variety of mechanisms to coexist with their hosts and to maintain host-to-host transmission and lifelong infection by regulating their life cycles. The life cycle of herpesviruses consists of two phases: lytic infection and latent infection. During lytic infection, active replication and the production of numerous progeny virions occur. Subsequent suppression of the host immune response leads to a lifetime latent infection of the host. During latent infection, the viral genome remains in an inactive state in the host cell to avoid host immune surveillance, but the virus can be reactivated and reenter the lytic cycle. The balance between these two phases of the herpesvirus life cycle is controlled by broad interactions among numerous viral and cellular factors. ICP22/ORF63 proteins are among these factors and are involved in transcription, nuclear budding, latency establishment, and reactivation. In this review, we summarized the various roles and complex mechanisms by which ICP22/ORF63 proteins regulate the life cycle of human herpesviruses and the complex relationships among host and viral factors. Elucidating the role and mechanism of ICP22/ORF63 in virus–host interactions will deepen our understanding of the viral life cycle. In addition, it will also help us to understand the pathogenesis of herpesvirus infections and provide new strategies for combating these infections. |
| topic |
viral life cycle latent lytic reactivation ICP22 ORF63 |
| url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.668461/full |
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doaj-39eac7ecaf7f45c29db05ab79e32d5612021-06-07T05:30:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-06-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.668461668461Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human HerpesvirusesYing Wu0Ying Wu1Ying Wu2Qiqi Yang3Qiqi Yang4Qiqi Yang5Mingshu Wang6Mingshu Wang7Mingshu Wang8Shun Chen9Shun Chen10Shun Chen11Renyong Jia12Renyong Jia13Renyong Jia14Qiao Yang15Qiao Yang16Qiao Yang17Dekang Zhu18Dekang Zhu19Mafeng Liu20Mafeng Liu21Mafeng Liu22Xinxin Zhao23Xinxin Zhao24Xinxin Zhao25Shaqiu Zhang26Shaqiu Zhang27Shaqiu Zhang28Juan Huang29Juan Huang30Juan Huang31Xumin Ou32Xumin Ou33Xumin Ou34Sai Mao35Sai Mao36Sai Mao37Qun Gao38Qun Gao39Qun Gao40Di Sun41Di Sun42Di Sun43Bin Tian44Bin Tian45Bin Tian46Anchun Cheng47Anchun Cheng48Anchun Cheng49Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaAvian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, ChinaHerpesviruses are extremely successful parasites that have evolved over millions of years to develop a variety of mechanisms to coexist with their hosts and to maintain host-to-host transmission and lifelong infection by regulating their life cycles. The life cycle of herpesviruses consists of two phases: lytic infection and latent infection. During lytic infection, active replication and the production of numerous progeny virions occur. Subsequent suppression of the host immune response leads to a lifetime latent infection of the host. During latent infection, the viral genome remains in an inactive state in the host cell to avoid host immune surveillance, but the virus can be reactivated and reenter the lytic cycle. The balance between these two phases of the herpesvirus life cycle is controlled by broad interactions among numerous viral and cellular factors. ICP22/ORF63 proteins are among these factors and are involved in transcription, nuclear budding, latency establishment, and reactivation. In this review, we summarized the various roles and complex mechanisms by which ICP22/ORF63 proteins regulate the life cycle of human herpesviruses and the complex relationships among host and viral factors. Elucidating the role and mechanism of ICP22/ORF63 in virus–host interactions will deepen our understanding of the viral life cycle. In addition, it will also help us to understand the pathogenesis of herpesvirus infections and provide new strategies for combating these infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.668461/fullviral life cyclelatentlyticreactivationICP22ORF63 |