| Summary: | The article notes that the effective solution to the problem of paternity contributes to the study of the main periods of paternity on different stages of society. The results of the study of the history of the origin and the formation of paternity in Ukraine are presented. The peculiarities of the existence of paternity on different stages of development of society from prehistoric times to the present days are determined. The peculiarities of the conditions and traditions that influenced the way that parents brought up their children have been reflected in the article. The age differentiation of children that existed in Ukraine from the first millennium AD to the beginning of the twentieth century is considered. It is noted that the existence of paternity passed through a number of periods and had great dynamics: from the complete absence of family and paternity in their modern sense in prehistoric times, through the periods of origin of motherhood in matriarchy, patriarchal way of life and life in patriarchy to the present state paternity. It has been established that in prehistoric times, when people lived in small communities, it was not the parents who brought up the children, but the elderly people. During the matriarchy, the exercise of parental functions was entrusted mainly to women who headed the family. During the patriarchy period, when the family broke up on small families, the exercise of parental functions became more equal, and both children and men were involved in the education of grown up children. The communication between young children and their father was still limited. In the Christian period, the patriarchal way of life prevails over the subordinate position of children and women. A typical feature of paternity is strictness and cruelty. The peculiarities of the Cossack era include Cossack pedagogy and the education of the defender of the native land. The Soviet-era of paternity is subordinated to the state, full of ideas of communist education and aimed at forming a «new man», but in the second half of the 20th century there was a positive dynamics of views on paternity. The current stage of independent Ukraine is characterized by humanistic ideas of education and professionalization of paternity. Much attention is paid to the issue of positive emotional relationships between parents and children. The study identifies nine historical periods of the existence and formation of parenthood, each of which has its own characteristics.
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