Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization

Where does Hawking radiation originate? A common picture is that it arises from excitations very near or at the horizon, and this viewpoint has supported the “firewall” argument and arguments for a key role for the UV-dependent entanglement entropy in describing the quantum mechanics of black holes....

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Main Author:	Steven B. Giddings
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2016-03-01
Series:	Physics Letters B
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269316000022

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spelling	doaj-394c214e776e4443a9a1ff6ae8cf5f952020-11-24T23:54:05ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26931873-24452016-03-01754C394210.1016/j.physletb.2015.12.076Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarizationSteven B. GiddingsWhere does Hawking radiation originate? A common picture is that it arises from excitations very near or at the horizon, and this viewpoint has supported the “firewall” argument and arguments for a key role for the UV-dependent entanglement entropy in describing the quantum mechanics of black holes. However, closer investigation of both the total emission rate and the stress tensor of Hawking radiation supports the statement that its source is a near-horizon quantum region, or “atmosphere,” whose radial extent is set by the horizon radius scale. This is potentially important, since Hawking radiation needs to be modified to restore unitarity, and a natural assumption is that the scales relevant to such modifications are comparable to those governing the Hawking radiation. Moreover, related discussion suggests a resolution to questions regarding extra energy flux in “nonviolent” scenarios, that does not spoil black hole thermodynamics as governed by the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269316000022
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Steven B. Giddings
spellingShingle	Steven B. Giddings Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization Physics Letters B
author_facet	Steven B. Giddings
author_sort	Steven B. Giddings
title	Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
title_short	Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
title_full	Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
title_fullStr	Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
title_full_unstemmed	Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
title_sort	hawking radiation, the stefan–boltzmann law, and unitarization
publisher	Elsevier
series	Physics Letters B
issn	0370-2693 1873-2445
publishDate	2016-03-01
description	Where does Hawking radiation originate? A common picture is that it arises from excitations very near or at the horizon, and this viewpoint has supported the “firewall” argument and arguments for a key role for the UV-dependent entanglement entropy in describing the quantum mechanics of black holes. However, closer investigation of both the total emission rate and the stress tensor of Hawking radiation supports the statement that its source is a near-horizon quantum region, or “atmosphere,” whose radial extent is set by the horizon radius scale. This is potentially important, since Hawking radiation needs to be modified to restore unitarity, and a natural assumption is that the scales relevant to such modifications are comparable to those governing the Hawking radiation. Moreover, related discussion suggests a resolution to questions regarding extra energy flux in “nonviolent” scenarios, that does not spoil black hole thermodynamics as governed by the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.
url	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269316000022
work_keys_str_mv	AT stevenbgiddings hawkingradiationthestefanboltzmannlawandunitarization
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Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization

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