| Summary: | <p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more prevalent and more often fatal in HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected monkeys compared to immune-competent individuals. Molecular, biological, and immunological data indicate that virus-associated lymphomagenesis is similar in both infected hosts. To find genes specifically overexpressed in HIV/SIV-associated and non-HIV/SIV-associated DLBCL we compared gene expression profiles of HIV/SIV-related and non-HIV-related lymphomas using subtractive hybridization and Northern blot analysis. Our experimental approach allowed us to detect two genes (a-<italic>myb</italic><italic> and pub)</italic> upregulated solely in HIV/SIV-associated DLBCLs potentially involved in virus-specific lymphomagenesis in human and monkey. Downregulation of the <italic>pub</italic> gene was observed in all non-HIV-associated lymphomas investigated. In addition, we have found genes upregulated in both non-HIV- and HIV-associated lymphomas. Among those were genes both with known (<italic>set, ND4, SMG-1</italic>) and unknown functions. In summary<bold>, </bold>we have demonstrated that simultaneous transcriptional upregulation of at least two genes (a-<italic>myb</italic> and <italic>pub</italic>) was specific for AIDS-associated lymphomas.</p>
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