Colonizing the Côte d'Azur: Neo-Impressionism, Anarcho-Communism and the Tropical Terre Libreof the Maures, c.1892-1908

• Main Author: Woloshyn, Tania
• Format: Article
• Language: deu
• Published: International Association of Research Institutes in the History of Art (RIHA) 2012-07-01
• Series: RIHA Journal
• Subjects: neo-impressionism; the Maures; Côte d'Azur; artist colony; anarcho-communism; Melanesia; Jean Grave; Mabel Holland Thomas; sunlight; Henri Edmond Cross; Theo Rysselberghe
• Online Access: http://www.riha-journal.org/articles/2012/2012-jul-sep/special-issue-neo-impressionism/woloshyn-colonizing-the-cote-dazur

This article explores neo-impressionist representations of the Maures region (Hyères-St Raphaël) of the Côte d'Azur as an ideal space of anarcho-communist liberty or, to borrow from Jean Grave's Terre Libre: Les Pionniers (1908), a "free land." In doing so it questions art-historical literature of such images as utopian, with its implication of geographic non-specificity, through analyses of anarcho-communist and geographical texts and images. Tropical markers, especially palm trees, feature in Grave's vision of a "free land," corresponding to perceptions by contemporaneous artists, tourists and geographers of the exotic, island-like geography of the Maures. The article argues that, for Henri-Edmond Cross, Paul Signac and Théo van Rysselberghe, the Maures landscape was imaged and imagined as a sunlit terre libreon home soil, naturally suited to these self-styled pioneers.