The Correlation of Adaptation and Restoration Methods and Techniques on Example of Fyodorovsky Gorodok

• Main Author: Natalia V. Sadovnikova
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS) 2018-06-01
• Series: Academia: Архитектура и строительство
• Online Access: http://aac.raasn.ru/article/view/33

The article is devoted to the key issues of restoration - the adaptation of architectural monuments to modern usage and the interrelation of adaptation with methods and restoration techniques. These issues are considered on the example of the complex of the Fedorov town in Tsarskoe Selo. The complex was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church and now it is planned to adapt it to a multifunctional church complex, which includes the personal residence of the patriarch. The uniqueness of such an arrangement is that this is only the fourth such facility in Russia and the first outside the capital. The article contains already existing examples of the Patriarch's residences in Moscow - the patriarchal residence in Chisty lane, the Patriarchal and Synodal residence in Danilov Monastery, the Patriarchal Residence in Peredelkino. For each example, a brief historical sketch is given, an analysis of the methods and restoration techniques applied, and the planning decisions are analyzed. Then, based on these examples, the position of the Russian Orthodox Church regarding monuments of architecture as a whole is examined, conclusions and an assessment of this position are given. Based on this, the problems of preservation and transformation, adaptability of the building, variation of adaptation are revealed, the concept of different depth of adaptation is introduced and a system of classification of adaptation options is proposed in terms of the degree of impact depth on the object. It is concluded that or maximum preservation of the heritage a differentiated approach, split the heritage into zones of worth for different depths of adaptation is required.