The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)

The gilthead seabream larval rearing in continuous light is common in most Mediterranean hatcheries to stimulate larval length growth and increase food consumption. Several studies have shown that continuous light affects larval development and increases the prevalence of skeletal deformities. Melat...

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Main Authors: Kamel Mhalhel, Antonino Germanà, Francesco Abbate, Maria Cristina Guerrera, Maria Levanti, Rosaria Laurà, Giuseppe Montalbano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-12-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9597
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spelling doaj-37ed66b851bb4482ad4516af9666203b2020-12-17T00:05:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-01219597959710.3390/ijms21249597The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)Kamel Mhalhel0Antonino Germanà1Francesco Abbate2Maria Cristina Guerrera3Maria Levanti4Rosaria Laurà5Giuseppe Montalbano6Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyZebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyThe gilthead seabream larval rearing in continuous light is common in most Mediterranean hatcheries to stimulate larval length growth and increase food consumption. Several studies have shown that continuous light affects larval development and increases the prevalence of skeletal deformities. Melatonin is a crucial pineal neurohormone that displays daily secretion patterns, stimulates cell proliferation and embryonic development in Atlantic salmon and zebrafish, and improves osseointegration in mice and humans. However, no studies have examined the effects of orally supplemented melatonin on skeletal deformities in <i>Sparus aurata</i> larvae. We administered exogenous melatonin to gilthead seabream larvae via enriched rotifers and nauplii of Artemia. Exogenous melatonin induced bone deformities and stimulated parathyroid hormone-related protein-coding gene (<i>PTHrP</i>) mRNA expression. In addition to the melatonin-induced <i>PTHrP</i> high expression level, the recorded non coordinated function of skeletal muscle and bone during growth can be the fountainhead of bone deformities. Both myosin light chain 2 (<i>mlc2</i>) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein-coding gene (<i>bglap</i>) expression levels were significantly affected by melatonin administration in an inverse dose–response manner during the exogenous melatonin administration. This is the first study to report the effect of inducing melatonin bone deformities on <i>Sparus aurata</i> larvae reared under ordinary hatchery conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9597melatoninopercular complexbone deformitygrowth<i>Sparus aurata</i><i>PTHrP</i>
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Kamel Mhalhel
Antonino Germanà
Francesco Abbate
Maria Cristina Guerrera
Maria Levanti
Rosaria Laurà
Giuseppe Montalbano
spellingShingle Kamel Mhalhel
Antonino Germanà
Francesco Abbate
Maria Cristina Guerrera
Maria Levanti
Rosaria Laurà
Giuseppe Montalbano
The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
melatonin
opercular complex
bone deformity
growth
<i>Sparus aurata</i>
<i>PTHrP</i>
author_facet Kamel Mhalhel
Antonino Germanà
Francesco Abbate
Maria Cristina Guerrera
Maria Levanti
Rosaria Laurà
Giuseppe Montalbano
author_sort Kamel Mhalhel
title The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_short The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_full The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_fullStr The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_sort effect of orally supplemented melatonin on larval performance and skeletal deformities in farmed gilthead seabream (<i>sparus aurata</i>)
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2020-12-01
description The gilthead seabream larval rearing in continuous light is common in most Mediterranean hatcheries to stimulate larval length growth and increase food consumption. Several studies have shown that continuous light affects larval development and increases the prevalence of skeletal deformities. Melatonin is a crucial pineal neurohormone that displays daily secretion patterns, stimulates cell proliferation and embryonic development in Atlantic salmon and zebrafish, and improves osseointegration in mice and humans. However, no studies have examined the effects of orally supplemented melatonin on skeletal deformities in <i>Sparus aurata</i> larvae. We administered exogenous melatonin to gilthead seabream larvae via enriched rotifers and nauplii of Artemia. Exogenous melatonin induced bone deformities and stimulated parathyroid hormone-related protein-coding gene (<i>PTHrP</i>) mRNA expression. In addition to the melatonin-induced <i>PTHrP</i> high expression level, the recorded non coordinated function of skeletal muscle and bone during growth can be the fountainhead of bone deformities. Both myosin light chain 2 (<i>mlc2</i>) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein-coding gene (<i>bglap</i>) expression levels were significantly affected by melatonin administration in an inverse dose–response manner during the exogenous melatonin administration. This is the first study to report the effect of inducing melatonin bone deformities on <i>Sparus aurata</i> larvae reared under ordinary hatchery conditions.
topic melatonin
opercular complex
bone deformity
growth
<i>Sparus aurata</i>
<i>PTHrP</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9597
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