Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, intervention devices and techniques, residual cardiovascular risks still cause a large burden on public health. Whilst most guidelines encourage achieving target levels of specific lipids and lipoproteins to reduce these risks, increasing evidence has shown that...
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doaj-37d90e9e93234c9293983868e2f288ab2021-08-26T13:33:00ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-08-01998598510.3390/biomedicines9080985Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting AtherosclerosisChih-Kuo Lee0Che-Wei Liao1Shih-Wei Meng2Wei-Kai Wu3Jiun-Yang Chiang4Ming-Shiang Wu5College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwanDespite advances in pharmacotherapy, intervention devices and techniques, residual cardiovascular risks still cause a large burden on public health. Whilst most guidelines encourage achieving target levels of specific lipids and lipoproteins to reduce these risks, increasing evidence has shown that molecular modification of these lipoproteins also has a critical impact on their atherogenicity. Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation, glycation, peroxidation, apolipoprotein C-III adhesion, and the small dense subtype largely augment its atherogenicity. Post-translational modification by oxidation, carbamylation, glycation, and imbalance of molecular components can reduce the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for reverse cholesterol transport. Elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein C-III and lipoprotein(a), and a decreased level of apolipoprotein A-I are closely associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing TGs, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein C-III, and enhancing apolipoprotein A-1 are undergoing trials, and promising preliminary results have been reported. In this review, we aim to update the evidence on modifications of major lipid and lipoprotein components, including LDL, HDL, TG, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). We also discuss examples of translating findings from basic research to potential therapeutic targets for drug development.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/985low-density lipoproteinhigh-density lipoproteintriglycerideapolipoproteinlipoprotein(a) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chih-Kuo Lee Che-Wei Liao Shih-Wei Meng Wei-Kai Wu Jiun-Yang Chiang Ming-Shiang Wu |
spellingShingle |
Chih-Kuo Lee Che-Wei Liao Shih-Wei Meng Wei-Kai Wu Jiun-Yang Chiang Ming-Shiang Wu Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis Biomedicines low-density lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein triglyceride apolipoprotein lipoprotein(a) |
author_facet |
Chih-Kuo Lee Che-Wei Liao Shih-Wei Meng Wei-Kai Wu Jiun-Yang Chiang Ming-Shiang Wu |
author_sort |
Chih-Kuo Lee |
title |
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis |
title_short |
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis |
title_full |
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis |
title_fullStr |
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis |
title_sort |
lipids and lipoproteins in health and disease: focus on targeting atherosclerosis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomedicines |
issn |
2227-9059 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, intervention devices and techniques, residual cardiovascular risks still cause a large burden on public health. Whilst most guidelines encourage achieving target levels of specific lipids and lipoproteins to reduce these risks, increasing evidence has shown that molecular modification of these lipoproteins also has a critical impact on their atherogenicity. Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation, glycation, peroxidation, apolipoprotein C-III adhesion, and the small dense subtype largely augment its atherogenicity. Post-translational modification by oxidation, carbamylation, glycation, and imbalance of molecular components can reduce the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for reverse cholesterol transport. Elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein C-III and lipoprotein(a), and a decreased level of apolipoprotein A-I are closely associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing TGs, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein C-III, and enhancing apolipoprotein A-1 are undergoing trials, and promising preliminary results have been reported. In this review, we aim to update the evidence on modifications of major lipid and lipoprotein components, including LDL, HDL, TG, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). We also discuss examples of translating findings from basic research to potential therapeutic targets for drug development. |
topic |
low-density lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein triglyceride apolipoprotein lipoprotein(a) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/985 |
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