Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery

Foamy viruses (FVs) are the only exogenous retrovirus to date known to infect neotropical primates (NPs). In the last decade, an increasing number of strains have been completely or partially sequenced, and molecular evolution analyses have identified an ancient co-speciation with their hosts. In th...

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Main Authors:	André F. Santos, Liliane T. F. Cavalcante, Cláudia P. Muniz, William M. Switzer, Marcelo A. Soares
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-10-01
Series:	Viruses
Subjects:	spumaretrovirus new world primates simian retrovirus
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/967

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spelling	doaj-37a5c635f3d5400f93bc7982838e1cec2020-11-25T03:25:11ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-10-01111096710.3390/v11100967v11100967Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of DiscoveryAndré F. Santos0Liliane T. F. Cavalcante1Cláudia P. Muniz2William M. Switzer3Marcelo A. Soares4Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, BrazilDepartamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, BrazilDepartamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, BrazilLaboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USADepartamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, BrazilFoamy viruses (FVs) are the only exogenous retrovirus to date known to infect neotropical primates (NPs). In the last decade, an increasing number of strains have been completely or partially sequenced, and molecular evolution analyses have identified an ancient co-speciation with their hosts. In this review, the improvement of diagnostic techniques that allowed the determination of a more accurate prevalence of simian FVs (SFVs) in captive and free-living NPs is discussed. Determination of DNA viral load in American primates indicates that oral tissues are the viral replicative site and that buccal swab collection can be an alternative to diagnose SFV infection in NPs. Finally, the transmission potential of NP SFVs to primate workers in zoos and primate centers of the Americas is examined.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/967spumaretrovirusnew world primatessimian retrovirus
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	André F. Santos Liliane T. F. Cavalcante Cláudia P. Muniz William M. Switzer Marcelo A. Soares
spellingShingle	André F. Santos Liliane T. F. Cavalcante Cláudia P. Muniz William M. Switzer Marcelo A. Soares Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery Viruses spumaretrovirus new world primates simian retrovirus
author_facet	André F. Santos Liliane T. F. Cavalcante Cláudia P. Muniz William M. Switzer Marcelo A. Soares
author_sort	André F. Santos
title	Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
title_short	Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
title_full	Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
title_fullStr	Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
title_full_unstemmed	Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
title_sort	simian foamy viruses in central and south america: a new world of discovery
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Viruses
issn	1999-4915
publishDate	2019-10-01
description	Foamy viruses (FVs) are the only exogenous retrovirus to date known to infect neotropical primates (NPs). In the last decade, an increasing number of strains have been completely or partially sequenced, and molecular evolution analyses have identified an ancient co-speciation with their hosts. In this review, the improvement of diagnostic techniques that allowed the determination of a more accurate prevalence of simian FVs (SFVs) in captive and free-living NPs is discussed. Determination of DNA viral load in American primates indicates that oral tissues are the viral replicative site and that buccal swab collection can be an alternative to diagnose SFV infection in NPs. Finally, the transmission potential of NP SFVs to primate workers in zoos and primate centers of the Americas is examined.
topic	spumaretrovirus new world primates simian retrovirus
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/967
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Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery

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