| Summary: | Rhigonema nesoboli sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhigonematidae) is described from the gut of Nesobolus piedra (Diplopoda: Rhinocricidae) from Eastern Cuba. The new species is characterized by: the body length of both sexes; the cephalic collar umbelliform; the microtricha large, fine, backwardly directed, extending until the first portion of the intestine; the tail comparatively long and subulate in the female and elbowed in the male; the genital tract of Type 4; a number of 19-21 copulatory papillae arranged as 6-7 pre-cloacal pairs with a single median adanal papillae and three post-cloacal pairs; and the spicules arcuate and comparatively slender. It is closer to R. villosum Hunt, 1995, but differs by having a shorter body in both sexes and less copulatory papillae: 19-21 vs. 27-31. This is the first Rhigonema recorded for Cuba with a genital tract of Type 4.
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