A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons
Large and effective reductions in emissions of long-lived ozone-depleting substance (ODS) are being achieved through the Montreal Protocol, the effectiveness of which can be seen in the declining atmospheric abundances of many ODSs. An important remaining uncertainty concerns the role of very sh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11929/2017/acp-17-11929-2017.pdf |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
D. E. Oram D. E. Oram M. J. Ashfold J. C. Laube L. J. Gooch S. Humphrey W. T. Sturges E. Leedham-Elvidge E. Leedham-Elvidge G. L. Forster G. L. Forster N. R. P. Harris M. I. Mead M. I. Mead A. A. Samah S. M. Phang C.-F. Ou-Yang N.-H. Lin J.-L. Wang A. K. Baker C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer D. Sherry |
| spellingShingle |
D. E. Oram D. E. Oram M. J. Ashfold J. C. Laube L. J. Gooch S. Humphrey W. T. Sturges E. Leedham-Elvidge E. Leedham-Elvidge G. L. Forster G. L. Forster N. R. P. Harris M. I. Mead M. I. Mead A. A. Samah S. M. Phang C.-F. Ou-Yang N.-H. Lin J.-L. Wang A. K. Baker C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer D. Sherry A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
D. E. Oram D. E. Oram M. J. Ashfold J. C. Laube L. J. Gooch S. Humphrey W. T. Sturges E. Leedham-Elvidge E. Leedham-Elvidge G. L. Forster G. L. Forster N. R. P. Harris M. I. Mead M. I. Mead A. A. Samah S. M. Phang C.-F. Ou-Yang N.-H. Lin J.-L. Wang A. K. Baker C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer D. Sherry |
| author_sort |
D. E. Oram |
| title |
A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| title_short |
A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| title_full |
A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| title_fullStr |
A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| title_sort |
growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
| description |
Large and effective reductions in emissions of long-lived ozone-depleting
substance (ODS) are being achieved through the Montreal Protocol, the
effectiveness of which can be seen in the declining atmospheric abundances
of many ODSs. An important remaining uncertainty concerns the role of very
short-lived substances (VSLSs) which, owing to their relatively short
atmospheric lifetimes (less than 6 months), are not regulated under the
Montreal Protocol. Recent studies have found an unexplained increase in the
global tropospheric abundance of one VSLS, dichloromethane
(CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), which has increased by around 60 % over the past
decade. Here we report dramatic enhancements of several chlorine-containing
VSLSs (Cl-VSLSs), including CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>ClCH<sub>2</sub>Cl
(1,2-dichloroethane), observed in surface and upper-tropospheric air in East
and South East Asia. Surface observations were, on occasion, an order of
magnitude higher than previously reported in the marine boundary layer,
whilst upper-tropospheric data were up to 3 times higher than expected. In addition, we provide further evidence of an atmospheric transport mechanism
whereby substantial amounts of industrial pollution from East Asia,
including these chlorinated VSLSs, can rapidly, and regularly, be transported
to tropical regions of the western Pacific and subsequently uplifted to the
tropical upper troposphere. This latter region is a major provider of air
entering the stratosphere, and so this mechanism, in conjunction with
increasing emissions of Cl-VSLSs from East Asia, could potentially slow the
expected recovery of stratospheric ozone. |
| url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11929/2017/acp-17-11929-2017.pdf |
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doaj-377d573a21724dad8e93b74976d80dfa2020-11-24T23:57:24ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-10-0117119291194110.5194/acp-17-11929-2017A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbonsD. E. Oram0D. E. Oram1M. J. Ashfold2J. C. Laube3L. J. Gooch4S. Humphrey5W. T. Sturges6E. Leedham-Elvidge7E. Leedham-Elvidge8G. L. Forster9G. L. Forster10N. R. P. Harris11M. I. Mead12M. I. Mead13A. A. Samah14S. M. Phang15C.-F. Ou-Yang16N.-H. Lin17J.-L. Wang18A. K. Baker19C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer20D. Sherry21National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKSchool of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, MalaysiaCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKMax Planck Institute for Chemistry, Air Chemistry Division, Mainz, GermanyNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCentre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood/Environmental Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UKCentre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood/Environmental Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UKInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan, TaiwanMax Planck Institute for Chemistry, Air Chemistry Division, Mainz, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Chemistry, Air Chemistry Division, Mainz, GermanyNolan Sherry & Associates, Kingston upon Thames, London, UKLarge and effective reductions in emissions of long-lived ozone-depleting substance (ODS) are being achieved through the Montreal Protocol, the effectiveness of which can be seen in the declining atmospheric abundances of many ODSs. An important remaining uncertainty concerns the role of very short-lived substances (VSLSs) which, owing to their relatively short atmospheric lifetimes (less than 6 months), are not regulated under the Montreal Protocol. Recent studies have found an unexplained increase in the global tropospheric abundance of one VSLS, dichloromethane (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), which has increased by around 60 % over the past decade. Here we report dramatic enhancements of several chlorine-containing VSLSs (Cl-VSLSs), including CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>ClCH<sub>2</sub>Cl (1,2-dichloroethane), observed in surface and upper-tropospheric air in East and South East Asia. Surface observations were, on occasion, an order of magnitude higher than previously reported in the marine boundary layer, whilst upper-tropospheric data were up to 3 times higher than expected. In addition, we provide further evidence of an atmospheric transport mechanism whereby substantial amounts of industrial pollution from East Asia, including these chlorinated VSLSs, can rapidly, and regularly, be transported to tropical regions of the western Pacific and subsequently uplifted to the tropical upper troposphere. This latter region is a major provider of air entering the stratosphere, and so this mechanism, in conjunction with increasing emissions of Cl-VSLSs from East Asia, could potentially slow the expected recovery of stratospheric ozone.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11929/2017/acp-17-11929-2017.pdf |