Indicators of cytological composition of the nasal mucus in children with acute respiratory viral infection

• Main Authors: O. I. Smiyan, Ye. V. Dmitrova, V. A. Smiyanov, O. P. Moshchich, I. Yu. Vysotskyi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Zaporozhye State Medical University 2016-12-01
• Series: Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal
• Subjects: Respiratory Infections; Adenoids; Nasal Mucosa; Children; Cellular Structures
• Online Access: http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/85521/83153
• ISSN: 2306-4145; 2310-1210

Aim. To study the cellular composition of the nasal secretion in children with acute respiratory viral infections in the acute phase of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 90 children aged 3 to 7 years with acute respiratory viral infections. Patients were divided into three groups. In the first group consisted of 25 healthy children (control group), the second group consisted of 33 patients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection, the third group – 32 patients with acute respiratory viral infection on the background of chronic adenoiditis. The cell populations of nasal secretion were studied, as well as the estimation of neutrophils and epithelial cells nuclei and cytoplasm destruction. Evaluation of destructive changes in the cellular composition of nasal secretion in children with acute respiratory viral infections was studied by the Matveeva’s method. (1993). Results. Minimal nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and neutrophils damage were typical for patients of the control group. In children with acute respiratory viral infection partial destructive changes in the epithelial cells (p<0.001) and neutrophils (p<0.001) were observed. A deeper level of cellular destruction of neutrophils (IDC 0.72±0.005, p<0.001) and epithelial cells (IDC 0.67±0.007, p<0.001) were revealed at children with acute respiratory viral infection on background of chronic adenoiditis. Conclusions. Increasing the index of epithelial cells and neutrophils degradation in the II children group indicates the activation of local immunity mechanisms. However, the full destructive changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neutrophils and epithelial cells indicate the performance of their effector functions in the focus of bacterial inflammation that is typical for children with acute respiratory viral infections with chronic adenoiditis. Cytological examination of nasal secretion due to minimal invasiveness and availability can be used for study of local immunity cellular component in children with acute respiratory viral infection and for disease diagnostics and control of their treatment.