Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials

Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemi...

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Main Authors: Bwalya A. Witika, Marique Aucamp, Larry L. Mweetwa, Pedzisai A. Makoni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
Series:Crystals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/3/310
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spelling doaj-37697da50d9441c49c97944e6dd5958c2021-03-22T00:02:42ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-03-011131031010.3390/cryst11030310Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline MaterialsBwalya A. Witika0Marique Aucamp1Larry L. Mweetwa2Pedzisai A. Makoni3ApotheCom | A MEDiSTRAVA Company (Medical Division of Huntsworth), London WC2A 1AN, UKSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmacy, DDT College of Medicine, Gaborone P.O. Box 70587, BotswanaDivision of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South AfricaNanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/3/310nanocrystalline materialsphysicochemical characterizationvibrational spectroscopyX-ray analysisthermal analysiscritical quality attributes
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Bwalya A. Witika
Marique Aucamp
Larry L. Mweetwa
Pedzisai A. Makoni
spellingShingle Bwalya A. Witika
Marique Aucamp
Larry L. Mweetwa
Pedzisai A. Makoni
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
Crystals
nanocrystalline materials
physicochemical characterization
vibrational spectroscopy
X-ray analysis
thermal analysis
critical quality attributes
author_facet Bwalya A. Witika
Marique Aucamp
Larry L. Mweetwa
Pedzisai A. Makoni
author_sort Bwalya A. Witika
title Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
title_short Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
title_full Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
title_fullStr Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
title_full_unstemmed Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
title_sort application of fundamental techniques for physicochemical characterizations to understand post-formulation performance of pharmaceutical nanocrystalline materials
publisher MDPI AG
series Crystals
issn 2073-4352
publishDate 2021-03-01
description Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced.
topic nanocrystalline materials
physicochemical characterization
vibrational spectroscopy
X-ray analysis
thermal analysis
critical quality attributes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/3/310
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