Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials
Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemi...
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doaj-37697da50d9441c49c97944e6dd5958c2021-03-22T00:02:42ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-03-011131031010.3390/cryst11030310Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline MaterialsBwalya A. Witika0Marique Aucamp1Larry L. Mweetwa2Pedzisai A. Makoni3ApotheCom | A MEDiSTRAVA Company (Medical Division of Huntsworth), London WC2A 1AN, UKSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmacy, DDT College of Medicine, Gaborone P.O. Box 70587, BotswanaDivision of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South AfricaNanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/3/310nanocrystalline materialsphysicochemical characterizationvibrational spectroscopyX-ray analysisthermal analysiscritical quality attributes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bwalya A. Witika Marique Aucamp Larry L. Mweetwa Pedzisai A. Makoni |
spellingShingle |
Bwalya A. Witika Marique Aucamp Larry L. Mweetwa Pedzisai A. Makoni Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials Crystals nanocrystalline materials physicochemical characterization vibrational spectroscopy X-ray analysis thermal analysis critical quality attributes |
author_facet |
Bwalya A. Witika Marique Aucamp Larry L. Mweetwa Pedzisai A. Makoni |
author_sort |
Bwalya A. Witika |
title |
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials |
title_short |
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials |
title_full |
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials |
title_fullStr |
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials |
title_sort |
application of fundamental techniques for physicochemical characterizations to understand post-formulation performance of pharmaceutical nanocrystalline materials |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Crystals |
issn |
2073-4352 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced. |
topic |
nanocrystalline materials physicochemical characterization vibrational spectroscopy X-ray analysis thermal analysis critical quality attributes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/3/310 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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