A trombectomia aspirativa na reperfusão do enfarte agudo de miocárdio: preditores e impacto clínico da sua ineficácia

• Main Authors: André Luz, Patrícia Rodrigues, Maria João Sousa, Inês Silveira, Diana Anjo, Bruno Brochado, Mário Santos, João Silveira, Henrique Cyrne Carvalho, Severo Torres
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2014-12-01
• Series: Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255114002054

Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O benefício da trombectomia aspirativa manual (TbA) na reperfusão do enfarte de miocárdio com elevação de ST (EAMST) tem sido muito debatida. Na maioria das séries, a ineficácia da TbA tem sido pouco evidenciada. Os nossos objetivos visaram conhecer a taxa, os preditores e o impacto na mortalidade cumulativa da TbA ineficaz (TbANE) numa série de doentes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICPP). Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo, unicêntrico, consecutivo, de doentes com EAMST submetidos a ICPP com TbA. Considerou‐se TbANE se após a TbA e antes de prosseguir a angioplastia se se obtivesse fluxo coronário TIMI < 2. Identificaram‐se preditores independentes de TbANE por regressão logística multivariada. Os preditores de mortalidade cumulativa foram identificados por modelo de Cox. Resultados: Dentre 574 doentes, utilizou‐se a TbA em 417 (72,6%), que foi eficaz em 365 (87,5%), ineficaz em 52 (12,5%). Na análise multivariada, o score SYNTAX (OR = 1,049, 95% CI: 1,015‐1,084, p = 0,005) e o tempo isquémico total (OR = 1,001, 95% CI: 1,000‐1,003, p = 0,02) foram os preditores independentes de TbANE. A disfunção ventricular esquerda moderada/severa (HR = 6,256, 95% CI: 1,896‐20,644, p = 0,003), o score APPROACH (HR = 1,094, 95% CI: 1,016‐1,177, p = 0,017), a classe 3‐4 de Killip (HR = 2,953, 95% CI: 1,122‐7,770, p = 0,028) e a clearance da creatinina na admissão (HR = 0,973, 95% CI: 0,953‐0,994, p = 0,011), relacionaram‐se de forma independente com a mortalidade cumulativa (24 ± 0,82 meses). Conclusões: O tempo de sintomas e o score SYNTAX foram preditores independentes de TbANE. Contudo, a TbANE não teve impacto independente com a mortalidade cumulativa a médio prazo. Abstract: Introduction and Objectives: The benefit of manual thrombus aspiration (TA) in the reperfusion of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been hotly debated. In most series, failure of TA has been largely unreported. Our objectives were to assess the rate, predictors, and impact on cumulative mortality of failed TA during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods: This was a single‐center, retrospective study of consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI with TA. TA was considered ineffective if, before angioplasty, coronary flow was TIMI <2. Independent predictors of TA failure were assessed by logistic regression, and predictors of cumulative mortality were assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results: Of 574 patients, TA was used in 417 (72.6%), and was effective in 365 (87.5%) and ineffective in 52 (12.5%). On multivariate analysis, SYNTAX score (OR=1.049, 95% CI: 1.015–1.084, p=0.005) and total ischemic time (OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000–1.003, p=0.02) were independent predictors of TA failure. Moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction (HR=6.256, 95% CI: 1.896–20.644, p=0.003), APPROACH score (HR=1.094, 95% CI: 1.016–1.177, p=0.017), Killip class III/IV (HR=2.953, 95% CI: 1.122–7.770, p=0.028) and creatinine clearance on admission (HR=0.973, 95% CI: 0.953–0.994, p=0.011) were independently related to cumulative mortality at 24±0.82 months. Conclusions: Total ischemic time and SYNTAX score were independent predictors of TA failure. However, in medium‐term follow‐up, ineffective manual TA was not independently related to cumulative mortality. Palavras‐chave: Trombectomia, Enfarte agudo de miocárdio, Reperfusão, Aspiração de trombo, Keywords: Thrombus aspiration, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, Reperfusion, Thrombectomy