Chitosan-Functionalized Graphene Oxide as a Potential Immunoadjuvant

• Main Authors: Ting Yan, Huijie Zhang, Dandi Huang, Shini Feng, Morihisa Fujita, Xiao-Dong Gao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2017-03-01
• Series: Nanomaterials
• Subjects: graphene oxide; chitosan; protein adsorption; cytokines; adjuvant
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/7/3/59

The application of graphene oxide (GO) as a potential vaccine adjuvant has recently attracted considerable attention. However, appropriate surface functionalization of GO is crucial to improve its biocompatibility and enhance its adjuvant activity. In this study, we developed a simple method to prepare chitosan (CS)-functionalized GO (GO-CS) and further investigated its potential as a nanoadjuvant. Compared with GO, GO-CS possessed considerably smaller size, positive surface charge, and better thermal stability. The functionalization of GO with CS was effective in decreasing the non-specific protein adsorption and improving its biocompatibility. Furthermore, GO-CS significantly activated RAW264.7 cells and stimulated more cytokines for mediating cellular immune response, which was mainly due to the synergistic immunostimulatory effect of both GO and CS. GO-CS exhibits strong potential as a safe nanoadjuvant for vaccines and immunotherapy.