Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.

Alternatives to antibiotics for prevention of respiratory tract infections in cattle are urgently needed given the increasing public and regulatory pressure to reduce overall antibiotic usage. Activation of local innate immune defenses in the upper respiratory tract is one strategy to induce non-spe...

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Main Authors: William Wheat, Lyndah Chow, Vanessa Rozo, Julia Herman, Kelly Still Brooks, Aimee Colbath, Randy Hunter, Steven Dow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2020-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235422
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spelling doaj-33bdff5e247a486e842bedfa4986694b2021-07-01T04:32:45ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01156e023542210.1371/journal.pone.0235422Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.William WheatLyndah ChowVanessa RozoJulia HermanKelly Still BrooksAimee ColbathRandy HunterSteven DowAlternatives to antibiotics for prevention of respiratory tract infections in cattle are urgently needed given the increasing public and regulatory pressure to reduce overall antibiotic usage. Activation of local innate immune defenses in the upper respiratory tract is one strategy to induce non-specific protection against infection with the diverse array of viral and bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), while avoiding the use of antibiotics. Our prior studies in rodent models demonstrated that intranasal administration of liposome-TLR complexes (LTC) as a non-specific immune stimulant generated high levels of protection against lethal bacterial and viral pathogens. Therefore, we conducted studies to assess LTC induction of local immune responses and protective immunity to BRDC in cattle. In vitro, LTC were shown to activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cattle, which was associated with secretion of INFγ and IL-6. Macrophage activation with LTC triggered intracellular killing of Mannheimia hemolytica and several other bacterial pathogens. In studies in cattle, intranasal administration of LTC demonstrated dose-dependent activation of local innate immune responses in the nasopharynx, including recruitment of monocytes and prolonged upregulation (at least 2 weeks) of innate immune cytokine gene expression by nasopharyngeal mucosal cells. In a BRDC challenge study, intranasal administration of LTC prior to pathogen exposure resulted in significant reduction in both clinical signs of infection and disease-associated euthanasia rates. These findings indicate that intranasal administration of a non-specific innate immune stimulant can be an effective method of rapidly generating generalized protection from mixed viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections in cattle.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235422
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author William Wheat
Lyndah Chow
Vanessa Rozo
Julia Herman
Kelly Still Brooks
Aimee Colbath
Randy Hunter
Steven Dow
spellingShingle William Wheat
Lyndah Chow
Vanessa Rozo
Julia Herman
Kelly Still Brooks
Aimee Colbath
Randy Hunter
Steven Dow
Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
PLoS ONE
author_facet William Wheat
Lyndah Chow
Vanessa Rozo
Julia Herman
Kelly Still Brooks
Aimee Colbath
Randy Hunter
Steven Dow
author_sort William Wheat
title Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
title_short Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
title_full Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
title_fullStr Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
title_full_unstemmed Non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
title_sort non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections in cattle generated by intranasal administration of an innate immune stimulant.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2020-01-01
description Alternatives to antibiotics for prevention of respiratory tract infections in cattle are urgently needed given the increasing public and regulatory pressure to reduce overall antibiotic usage. Activation of local innate immune defenses in the upper respiratory tract is one strategy to induce non-specific protection against infection with the diverse array of viral and bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), while avoiding the use of antibiotics. Our prior studies in rodent models demonstrated that intranasal administration of liposome-TLR complexes (LTC) as a non-specific immune stimulant generated high levels of protection against lethal bacterial and viral pathogens. Therefore, we conducted studies to assess LTC induction of local immune responses and protective immunity to BRDC in cattle. In vitro, LTC were shown to activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cattle, which was associated with secretion of INFγ and IL-6. Macrophage activation with LTC triggered intracellular killing of Mannheimia hemolytica and several other bacterial pathogens. In studies in cattle, intranasal administration of LTC demonstrated dose-dependent activation of local innate immune responses in the nasopharynx, including recruitment of monocytes and prolonged upregulation (at least 2 weeks) of innate immune cytokine gene expression by nasopharyngeal mucosal cells. In a BRDC challenge study, intranasal administration of LTC prior to pathogen exposure resulted in significant reduction in both clinical signs of infection and disease-associated euthanasia rates. These findings indicate that intranasal administration of a non-specific innate immune stimulant can be an effective method of rapidly generating generalized protection from mixed viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections in cattle.
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235422
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