Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder

The focus of this report was to understand the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of bamboo powder (BP) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments which were treated with nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and micro-crystall...

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Main Authors:	Cuicui Wang, Lee Miller Smith, Wenfu Zhang, Mingpeng Li, Ge Wang, Sheldon Q. Shi, Haitao Cheng, Shuangbao Zhang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-07-01
Series:	Polymers
Subjects:	cellulose nanofibers (CNF) micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) impregnation modification (IM) bamboo powder (BP) fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/7/1146

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record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-33b8f8daccdd4cc7bce60915beac91812020-11-25T00:45:39ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602019-07-01117114610.3390/polym11071146polym11071146Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo PowderCuicui Wang0Lee Miller Smith1Wenfu Zhang2Mingpeng Li3Ge Wang4Sheldon Q. Shi5Haitao Cheng6Shuangbao Zhang7Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USAInternational Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, ChinaInternational Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, ChinaInternational Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USAInternational Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe focus of this report was to understand the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of bamboo powder (BP) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments which were treated with nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) using impregnation modification technology. The storage modulus (<i>E</i>’) of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments increased compared with BP/PLA composite filaments before the glass transition temperature <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>. When the temperature was above <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>, the reinforcement effect of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, MCC, and CNF gradually became less apparent. The loss modulus (<i>E</i>’’) and loss factor (tan <i>δ</i><sub>max</sub>) of the nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments was higher than that of BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method. The tensile strength (TS) results showed a similar trend. Compared with the control samples, the TS of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method (and the “two-step” method) increased by 40.33% (and 10.10%), 32.35% (and −8.61%), and 12.32% (and −12.85%), respectively. The TS of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method was slightly higher than those produced by the “two-step” method. The elongation at break (EAB) of BP/PLA composite filaments was higher than that of BP/PLA samples treated with nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, MCC, or CNF. The PLA and modified BP were readily accessible through a simple mixing process. The rheological investigation of such mixtures showed that nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, CNF, and MCC have different effects on the processability and rheological properties of composites.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/7/1146cellulose nanofibers (CNF)micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC)nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>)impregnation modification (IM)bamboo powder (BP)fused deposition modeling (FDM)
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Cuicui Wang Lee Miller Smith Wenfu Zhang Mingpeng Li Ge Wang Sheldon Q. Shi Haitao Cheng Shuangbao Zhang
spellingShingle	Cuicui Wang Lee Miller Smith Wenfu Zhang Mingpeng Li Ge Wang Sheldon Q. Shi Haitao Cheng Shuangbao Zhang Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder Polymers cellulose nanofibers (CNF) micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) impregnation modification (IM) bamboo powder (BP) fused deposition modeling (FDM)
author_facet	Cuicui Wang Lee Miller Smith Wenfu Zhang Mingpeng Li Ge Wang Sheldon Q. Shi Haitao Cheng Shuangbao Zhang
author_sort	Cuicui Wang
title	Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder
title_short	Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder
title_full	Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder
title_fullStr	Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder
title_full_unstemmed	Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder
title_sort	reinforcement of polylactic acid for fused deposition modeling process with nano particles treated bamboo powder
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Polymers
issn	2073-4360
publishDate	2019-07-01
description	The focus of this report was to understand the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical properties of bamboo powder (BP) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments which were treated with nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) using impregnation modification technology. The storage modulus (<i>E</i>’) of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments increased compared with BP/PLA composite filaments before the glass transition temperature <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>. When the temperature was above <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>, the reinforcement effect of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, MCC, and CNF gradually became less apparent. The loss modulus (<i>E</i>’’) and loss factor (tan <i>δ</i><sub>max</sub>) of the nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments was higher than that of BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method. The tensile strength (TS) results showed a similar trend. Compared with the control samples, the TS of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method (and the “two-step” method) increased by 40.33% (and 10.10%), 32.35% (and −8.61%), and 12.32% (and −12.85%), respectively. The TS of nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>-BP/PLA, MCC-BP/PLA, and CNF-BP/PLA composite filaments produced by the “one-step” method was slightly higher than those produced by the “two-step” method. The elongation at break (EAB) of BP/PLA composite filaments was higher than that of BP/PLA samples treated with nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, MCC, or CNF. The PLA and modified BP were readily accessible through a simple mixing process. The rheological investigation of such mixtures showed that nano CaCO<sub>3</sub>, CNF, and MCC have different effects on the processability and rheological properties of composites.
topic	cellulose nanofibers (CNF) micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) nano calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) impregnation modification (IM) bamboo powder (BP) fused deposition modeling (FDM)
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/7/1146
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Reinforcement of Polylactic Acid for Fused Deposition Modeling Process with Nano Particles Treated Bamboo Powder

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