| Summary: | We investigated the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the fruit of <i>Rosa</i> L. cultivars grown in Lithuania. The highest total content of phenolic compounds (50.13 ± 4.17 mg GAE/g, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was determined in fruit samples of <i>Rosa</i><i>pimpinellifolia</i> L. cultivar “Single Cherry”. The highest levels of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were determined in fruit samples of <i>Rosa</i><i>rugosa</i> Thunb. cultivars “Dart’s Defender” and “Adam Chodun”. The highest flavonoid content was determined in fruit samples of <i>Rosa</i><i>multiflora</i> Thunb. cultivar “Nana” and <i>R.</i><i>multiflora</i> species. The strongest antioxidant activity evaluated by applying DPPH and FRAP assays was determined in fruit extracts of <i>R. pimpinellifolia</i> cultivar “Single Cherry” and <i>R. rugosa</i> cultivar “Adam Chodun”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in <i>Rosa</i> L. fruit was performed by applying UHPLC. The following phenolic compounds were identified in fruit samples: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, rutin, phloridzin, and kaempferol-3-O-glycoside. A strong correlation was determined between the total amount of phenolic compounds determined in extracts of the fruit samples of <i>Rosa</i> L. cultivars and the radical scavenging and reducing activity of their extracts in vitro (<i>R</i> = 0.767 and 0.727, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05).
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